Normal iodine

The following factors are the equivalent of 1 mL of normal iodine. Where the normality of the solution being used is other than normal, multiply the factors given in the table below by the normality of the solution employed. 

P.vei-y Cubic uenlimetre of normal iodine solution equals 0 003753... 

The alkaline solution of thymol is made up to 100 or 200 c.c. as the case may require, using a 5 per cent, soda solution. To 10 c.c. of this solution in a graduated 500 c.c. flask is added a normal iodine solution in shgbt excess, whereupon the thymol is precipitated as a dark reddish-brown iodine compound. In order to ascertain whether a sufficient quantity of iodine has been added, a few drops are transferred into a test tube and a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid are added. When enou iodine is present, the brown colour of the solution indicates the presence of io ne, otherwise the liquid appears milky by the separation of thymol. If an excess of iodine is present, the solution is slightly acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and diluted to 500 c.c. From this 100 c.c. are filtered,off, and the excess of iodine determined by titration with normal solution of sodium thiosulphate. For calculation, the number of cubic centimetres required is deducted from the number of cubic centimetres of normal iodine solution added and the resultant figure multiplied by 5, which gives the number of cubia centimetres of iodine required by the thymol. 

Every cubic centimetre of normal iodine solution equals G 003753 gram of thymol. Knowing the quantity of thymol in the alkaline solution, the percentage in the original oil is readily found. 

The thyroid is able to concentrate T against a strong electrochemical gradient. This is an energy-dependent process and is linked to the Na -K ATPase-dependent thyroidal T transporter. The ratio of iodide in thyroid to iodide in serum (T S ratio) is a reflection of the activity of this transporter. This activity is primarily controlled by TSH and ranges from 500 1 in animals chronically stimulated with TSH to 5 1 or less in hy-pophysectomized animals (no TSH). The T S ratio in humans on a normal iodine diet is about 25 1. 

IC1 (g). McMorris and Yost1 studied the equilibrium, l Cl2 (g) + I2 (g)=ICl (g), at various temperatures, and deduced, for IC1 (g), Qf=— 3.13. The energy of dissociation of IC1 (g) into normal iodine and chlorine atoms has been determined from spectroscopic data by Wilson,3 Gibson and Ramsperger,1 Patkowski and Curtis,1 and Brown and Gibson.1 The data of Brown and Gibson1 are the most accurate and give, for IC1 (g), Qf= —3.46. 

Carbonates, Sulphates, and Sulphites.—To a solution of 3 gm. of sodium thiosulphate in 50 cc. of water, add deci-normal iodine solution (about 120 cc.) until the liquid has a slight yellow color on now adding barium chloride solution, no turbidity should ensue. 

Iodine is a germ-killer like chlorine and is also necessary for the health of the thyroid gland in humans. In fact, people who live close to nuclear power plants are often given emergency supplies of potassium iodine pills, in case the power plant has a leak of radioactive iodine. The pills flood the thyroid with normal iodine to keep the gland from absorbing the more harmful radioactive version of the element. 

Figure 34. Normalized iodine fluorescence intensity vs. applied potential and reflectivity profile for a Pt/C LSM immersed in an aqueous solution containing SOpM NaI/0.1 M NajS02-(From Abruna, H. D., White, J. H., et al., J. Phys. Chem. 92, 7045 (1988), with permission.)...

Table 9.4-25). The consumption of 200 jg I kg feed DM by growing animals and of 300 xg kg feed DM by milking and egg-laying species met the iodine requirement of farm animals (Anke 1982). The total iodine content of blood serum under these conditions reached the limits of a normal iodine status of farm ruminants (Table 9.4-25). 

Tab. 9.4-26 Li mils of normal iodine status in the blood serum of goats, cows and calves...

Table 42.1 Daily minimal iodine requirement in normal iodine-sufficient adults...

Until recently, studies following the effects of enhanced supply of bromide into the body of experimental animals were carried out mostly on adult individuals and at normal iodine availability. Buchberger et al (1990) were among the first who studied the effects of chronic administration of large bromide doses on the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones in iodine-deficient rats. The results of this study... 

Figure 63.6 The figure shows cognitive skills in children of women with normal iodine nutrition status at early gestation, versus children of iodine-deficient mothers. Children of iodine-deficient mothers have poor cognitive performance compared to normal ones. CGI, General Cognitive Index.

Serum FT4 values under the tenth peroentlle for a reference population with normal Iodine Intake at the same stage of gestation... 

Hypothyroxinemia is defined as the serum FT4 values lower than the tenth percentile, compared with a reference value obtained in normal pregnant women with normal iodine intake in different stages of gestation. 

There has been a marked decline in goiter prevalence and an improvement in the functional status of thyroid, which has been achieved by normalizing iodine nutrition status after successful iodization programs in many countries however, goiter endemicity from severe to mild degrees still persists in many areas, indicating the existence of... 

Impact of Chronic Excessive Iodine Supplementation on Wistar Rats at Normal Iodine Baseline... 

Seven-week-old Wistar rats at normal iodine baseline were divided into four different groups and fed on water with normal, 1.5-fold high, 3-fold high and 6-fold high iodine levels for 8 months. Thyroid follicular epithelial cells were observed using a light microscope, the height of epithelium... 

Our study explored the oxidative damage due to overdosed iodine. Seven-week-old Wistar rats with normal iodine basehne were fed on water of normal, three-fold, and six-fold iodine levels for 24 weeks. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondi-aldehyde (MDA) and H2O2 in the thyroid were detected. Either three-fold or six-fold high iodine supplementation decreased the activity of GSH-PX in thyroid, but did... 

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