Nonwoven processes

Paper technology-based nonwoven processes provide the least product versatitity and require a high investment at the outset, but yield outstandingly uniform products at exceptional speeds. Hybrid processes provide combined technological advantages for specific apptications. 

Nonwoven manufacturing, cotton, 3 18 Nonwoven materials, 24 620. See also Nonwoven fabrics Nonwoven processes, 17 496-497 Nonwovens. See also Nonwoven fabrics air-laid, 17 503 defined, 17 495-496 foam-bonded, 17 510 needled, 17 506, 507 thermal-bonded, 17 511-512 Nonwoven textile materials, 11 178-180 4-Nonylphenol (PNP), 2 225-226 health and safety data, 2 220t physical properties of, 2 205t Nonyl phenol, 10 429 8-Nonynoic acid, 5 34t... 

The various types of nonwoven processes will be described in this chapter, with a special attention given to the polymer extrusion processes due to their importance for polyolefin-based nonwovens. Nonwoven processes are versatile and can be grouped under the following separate types (or a combination of them) ... 

Fig. 9.2 Schematic of the spunbond (SB) nonwoven process (source Kasen Corporation, Japan, reproduced with penmssion from Kasen) [7]...

Another example of melt-like processing of cellulose in NMMO/water [35] is the so-called melt-blown nonwovens process, which is widely used for conventional thermoplastics. The basic principle is shown in Figure 3.9. As in the thermoplastic case, filaments are produced... 

The melt blowing process responds to process variables more readily than most of the other nonwoven processes to produce a wide variety of end products. The actual process parameters that determine final web properties involve the selection of polymer or resin, conditions in the extruder or melt tank, geometry and condition at the die tip and fiber distribution and separation at laydown. Modem melt-blown lines are designed with highly automated machine and process control equipment, which allow for quick selection of particular parameters and easy machine adjustments. 

Ravbala, N., Gong, R.H., 2003. Effects of mould porosity on fibre distribution in a 3D nonwoven process. Text. Res. J. 73, 588-592. 

Figure 8.25 Melt-blown 3D nonwovens process. Adapted from Velu (2003).

Although other nonwoven processes such as spimlacing have experienced large growth in disposable wipes, spimbonded fabrics have not participated in this segment generally because some cellulosic fibers are required in the wipe and spun bonding cannot readily utilize such fibers. 

HydrOGntanglement. This is a generic term for a nonwoven process that can be used for web consolidation, fabric surface-texturing purposes, or both. The mechanism is one of fiber rearrangement within a preformed web by means of fluid forces. When used for bonding, hydroentanglement repositions individual fibers... 

Staple fibres provide the starting point for many nonwoven processes. Because the staple-based technologies are so diverse in terms of machinery design and fibre processing requirements, a range of fibre types have been developed to suit individual needs and to ensure optimum conversion efficiencies and fabric properties. 

Ahlstiom. Great Advances in Resource Efficiency Recycling Nonwoven Process Waste, Press Release. Finland Ahlstrom 2011. 

Islands in the sea bicomponent Compatible with existing nonwoven processes Expensive High material loss... 

We have defined the composite nonwoven sector broadly to encompass the general composite plastic sector plus mixed and hybrid nonwoven processes, and coated and laminated nonwoven materials. This definition encompasses ... 

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