Nonwoven fabrics demand

Textiles. A unique combination of desirable quaUties and low cost accounts for the demand for acetate ia textiles. In the United States, acetate and triacetate fibers are used ia tricot-knitting and woven constmctions, with each accounting for approximately half the total volume. This distribution changes slightly according to market trends. The main markets are women s apparel, eg, dresses, blouses, lingerie, robes, housecoats, ribbons, and decorative household appHcations, eg, draperies, bedspreads, and ensembles. Acetate has replaced rayon filament ia liner fabrics for men s suits and has been evaluated for nonwoven fabrics (79—81). 

Nonwoven cards, 17 499-500 Nonwoven fabrics, See also Nonwoven materials Nonwovens Nonwoven textile materials global demand for, 17 483t spunbonded, 17 460—494 staple-fiber, 17 495-518 Nonwoven finishing processes,... 

A separator is a porous membrane placed between electrodes of opposite polarity, permeable to ionic flow but preventing electric contact of the electrodes. A variety of separators have been used in batteries over the years. Starting with cedar shingles and sausage casing, separators have been manufactured from cellulosic papers and cellophane to nonwoven fabrics, foams, ion exchange membranes, and microporous flat sheet membranes made from polymeric materials. As batteries have become more sophisticated, separator function has also become more demanding and complex. 

U) Various shapes of trunk polymers can be supplied in response to the demanded functionality adsorbents based on porous hollow-fiber membranes and nonwoven fabrics enaWe high-speed recovery of target molecules and ions by utilizing convective flows through the pores of the membranes and among the fibers, respectively. 

Lyocell is the first in a new generation of cellulosic fibres made by a solvent spinning process. A major driving force to its development was the demand for a process that was environmentally responsible and utilised renewable resources as their raw materials. The first samples were produced in 1984 and commercial production started in 1988. A wide range of attractive textile fabrics can be made from lyocell that are comfortable to wear and have good physical performance. This physical performance combined with its absorbency also make lyocell ideal for nonwoven fabrics and papers. 

Demand absorbency plate test method can be converted into a 2D radial dynamic wicking measurement method when the liquid is introduced from a point source into the nonwoven fabric (also known as the point source demand wettability test). One example of this method is the Gravimetric Absorbency Testing System (GATS) system mentioned in Section 6.3.4.4, when a point source liquid introduction cell was used. 

Contrary to the strip test to measure the amount of hquid wicking into an in-plane of nonwoven fabric, the demand absorbency test (also referred to as the demand wettability test or the transverse wicking plate test) measures the hquid wicking into the nonwoven fabric driven by the capUlary pressure in the direction of fabric thinness.In demand absorbency tests, the hquid wUI only enter into the fabric when the sample demands it. These tests involve contacting the dry sample with a hquid in such a way that absorption occurs under a zero or shghtly negative hydrostatic head. No standards for this test method are currently available. 

There are two parts in this chapter. In part 1 (section 8.3), the above-mentioned models, i.e. the ANN model and statistical model are used to predict the fiber diameter of melt blown nonwoven fabrics from the processing parameters. The results are expected to give an indication of the relative roles of these models in predicting the fiber diameter of melt blown nonwoven fabrics. In part 2 (section 8.4), to meet the demand of establishing small-scaled ANN models, an input variable selection method was developed to help model the structure-property relations of nonwoven fabrics for filtration application. The structural parameters were selected by utilizing this method. The ANN models of structure-property relations of nonwovens were established. This section will establish a reasonably good ANN model that can generalize well and consider more structural parameters as the model inputs. 

Diverse appHcations for the fabric sometimes demand specialized tests such as for moisture vapor, Hquid transport barrier to fluids, coefficient of friction, seam strength, resistance to sunlight, oxidation and burning, and/or comparative aesthetic properties. Most properties can be deterrnined using standardized test procedures which have been pubHshed as nonwoven standards by INDA (9). A comparison of typical physical properties for selected spunbonded products is shown in Table 2. 

These are very demanding end uses with tough standards including lire resistance. National Nonwovens recently launched their Ultra-ProTechtor lire blocker range for aircraft seating applications. These fabrics use fibres made from SABlC s flame-retardant ULTEM resin, a polyetherimide material [14]. 

Recycled materials feature heavily in many nonwoven production streams, as the product specifications for nonwovens are often less demanding than other fabric formation steps and can accept nonideal and reclaimed polymers and fibres in the products. Various reclaimed materials are available in sufficient volumes and at a low cost, which makes them attractive as feed materials for nonwovens. Recycled material can be repurposed through mechanical means or through the thermal processing of suitable materials. 

From earliest times, woven fabrics formed the bulk of filter media. Beginning in the 1940s, with the production of a suitably bonded felt, nonwoven materials started to be used for filtration, and now they dominate the business. One reason for this is the continuing demand for finer filtration, of both liquids and gases, which can be met by very finely spun fibres, assembled into ever more complex forms of nonwoven materials. 

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