Nonmetals or Metalloids

Antimony [7440-36-0J, Sb, belongs to Group 15 (VA) of the periodic table which also includes the elements arsenic and bismuth. It is in the second long period of the table between tin and tellurium. Antimony, which may exhibit a valence of +5, +3, 0, or —3 (see Antimony compounds), is classified as a nonmetal or metalloid, although it has metallic characteristics in the trivalent state. There are two stable antimony isotopes that ate both abundant and have masses of 121 (57.25%) and 123 (42.75%). 

Arsenic [7440-38-2J, although often referred to as a metal, is classified chemically as a nonmetal or metalloid and belongs to Group 15 (VA) of the periodic table (as does antimony). The principal valences of arsenic are +3, +5, and —3. Only one stable isotope of arsenic having mass 75 (100% natural abundance) has been observed. 

Classify the elements in Question 17 as metals (main group, transition, or post-transition), nonmetals, or metalloids. 

Identify the following elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids (a) lead (b) sulfur (c) zinc (d) silicon (e) antimony (f) cadmium. 

Nitrogen is a colorless diatomic gas. Phosphorus has several elemental forms, but the most common is a red solid that is used for match tips. Arsenic and antimony are gray solids, and bismuth is a silvery solid. Classify these elements of Group 15 as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. 

State which of the following elements are metal, nonmetal or metalloids ... 

When atoms possess an incomplete outer shell (e.g., nonpaired electrons), yet their net charge is zero, attraction between such atoms takes place because of their strong tendency to complete their outer electron orbital shell by sharing their unpaired electrons. This gives rise to a covalent bond. One example of a covalent bond is the bimolecular chlorine gas (Cl2) (Fig. 1.1). Covalent bonding is a characteristic of some nonmetals or metalloids (bimolecular molecules), but may also arise between any two atoms when one of the atoms shares its outer-shell electron pair (Lewis base) with a second atom that has an empty outer shell (Lewis acid). Such bonds are known as coordinated covalent bonds or polar covalent bonds. They are commonly weaker than the covalent bond of two atoms which share each other s unpaired outer-shell electrons (e.g., F2 and 02). Coordinated covalent bonds often involve organometallic complexes. 

Identify the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid ... 

Perhaps the best-known reaction of alkyl halides is oxidative addition to another atom. For elements (usually, nonmetals or metalloids) having... 

Thinking Criticaiiy A gaseous element is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and is extremely nonreactive. Is the element likely to be a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid Where would the element be located on the periodic table Explain. 

Elements are classified as either metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. The stair-step line on the table separates metals from nonmetals. Metalloids border the stair-step line. 

Your experimental data will allow you to classify some elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids and to determine general trends in metallic and nonmetallic characteristics within the periodic table. 

Write the appropriate atomic number and element symbol in each of the squares. Based upon your answers to the Analyze and Conclude questions, write your classification of metal, nonmetal, or metalloid for each of the elements you observed and/or tested. 

Other practical information can be obtained from the periodic table. The arrangement of the table helps you determine the physical state of an element whether the element is synthetic or natural and whether the element is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. 

The color coding in the periodic table on pages 92 and 93 identifies which elements are metals (blue), nonmetals (yellow), and metalloids (green). The majority of the elements are metals. They occupy the entire left side and center of the periodic table. Nonmetals occupy the upper-right-hand corner. Metalloids are located along the boimdary between metals and non-metals. Each of these classes has characteristic chemical and physical properties, so by knowing whether an element is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid, you can make predictions about its behavior. Elements are classified as metals, metalloids, or nonmetals on the basis of their physical and chemical properties. 

The names of a few chemical elements are very similar to the names of planets in the solar system. List these elements, along with their chemical symbols and atomic numbers. Tell whether each element is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. 

For each of the following elements, write its group number and period number, its physical state at room temperature, and whether it is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. 

Name Symbol Group number Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid Representative element, transition metal, or inner transition metal Number for period Solid, liquid, or gas ... 

At this point in the text, the clearest distinction among the elements is their classification as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. The staircase line that runs from the top of Group 3A(13) to the bottom of Group 6A(16) in Period 6 is a dividing line for this classification. The metals (three shades of blue) appear in the large lower-left portion of the table. About three-quarters of the elements are metals, including many main-group elements and all the transition and inner... 

Large numbers of nonmetal or metalloid atoms can also combine to form bands of MOs. Metals conduct a current well (conductors), whereas most non-metals do not (insulators), and the conductivity of metalloids lies somewhere in between (semiconductors). Band theory explains these differences in terms of the size of the energy gaps between the valence and conduction bands, as shown in Figure 12.36 ... 

I Elements are classified as either metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. 

An element X reacts with oxygen to form XO2 and with chlorine to form XCI4. XO2 is a white solid that melts at high temperatures (above 1000 "C). Under usual conditions, XClj is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 58 C. (a) XClj reacts with water to form XO2 and another product. What is the likely identity of the other product (b) Do you think that element X is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid Explain, (c) By using a sourcebook such as the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, try to determine the identity of element X. 

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