Nonionic surfactants alkoxylated alcohol

Hilarides and others (1994) investigated the destruction of TCDD on artificially contaminated soils using °Co y radiation. It appeared that TCDD underwent stepwise reduction dechlorination from tetra- to tri-, then di- to chlorodioxin, and then to presumably nonchlorinated dioxins and phenols. The investigators discovered that the greatest amount of TCDD destruction (92%) occurred when soils were amended with 25% water and 2% nonionic surfactant [alkoxylated fatty alcohol (Plurafac RA-40)]. Replicate experiments conducted without the surfactant lowered the rate of TCDD destruction. 

There are over 150 different producers and some 2 million tonnes of commercial nonionic surfactants manufactured worldwide of which at least 50% are alkoxylated alcohols. Ethoxylated nonylphenol production is falling and accounts for 20% of the market while alkoxylated fatty acids account for some 15%. Fatty acid amides and sugar esters account for another 10% and there are a large number of specialities making up the balance. In general, non-ionic surfactants are easy to make, relatively inexpensive and derived from a variety of feedstocks. 

Olin (alkoxylated linear alcohol nonionic surfactant, low foam)... 

Other applications of alcohol alkoxylates also include textile lubricants, agricultural chemicals, rinse aid formulations, and personal care products. Polyoxyethylene block copolymers exhibit properties similar to surfactants, such as the presence of micelles in aqueous solutions, micelle structure, and association number, and are therefore termed polymeric surfactants. These diverse subsets of nonionic surfactants are unique and offer several advantages in manufacturing, and they could be designed for specific uses and applications. A complete Surfactant Science Series volume dedicated to the chemistry, physicochemical properties, applications, and toxicity was published in 1996. Because of these beneficial attributes, alcohol ethoxylates and alcohol alkoxylates are the most important nonionic surfactants in terms of volume usage in consumer products. 

Chem. Descrip. Alkoxylated alcohol Ionic Nature Nonionic Uses Surfactant wetting agent Features Low foam... 

Chem. Descrip. Decyl alcohol alkoxylate lottic Nature Nonionic Uses Surfactant... 

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