Nonhuman primate Cynomolgus monkey

Key words Embryo fetal development. Nonhuman primate, Cynomolgus monkey, Fetus, Marmoset, Teratology... 

Key words Enhanced pre-and postnatal study, ePPND, Nonhuman primates, Cynomolgus monkey... 

Validation and calibration comparisons of the O Flaherty model with measured exposure data have been reported, but fewer than were done for the lEUBK system. While the validation and calibration exercises carried out by O Flaherty have included test animal dosing data and experimental PbB comparisons for rats (O Flaherty, 1991) and nonhuman primates (Cynomolgus monkeys, Franklin et al., 1997), such efforts also included children and adults (O Flaherty, 1993, 1995, 1998). 

One potential approach that has been suggested to better approximate events that occur in humans is to use nonhuman primates or in vitro models derived from nonhuman primate kidneys. Caution is needed with such studies, however, because while responses of nonhuman primates or renal cells derived from nonhuman primates may differ from those of rodents or renal cells derived from rodents, respectively, they may still also differ from those of humans or human-derived renal cells. For example, in a study of screening of metalloproteinase inhibitors as potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents, some of which were found to be nephrotoxic in rats, a different pattern of cytotoxicity was observed in primary cultures of PT cells from humans and cynomolgus monkeys (Cai et al., 2009). This suggests that species differences in drug susceptibility and mechanisms of action can also exist among different primate species. 

Fig. 7 Immune response profiles of representative TLR9 agonists in nonhuman primates. TLR9 agonists 1, 2, and 3 correspond to structures 1, 2, and 3, respectively, shown in Fig. 6. (a) Plasma IFN-a, (b) plasma IP-10, and (c) changes in CD69 expression on B cells, T cells, and NK cells in cynomolgus monkeys following s.c. administration of 1 mg/kg of the T1,R9 agonists. Data are adopted from Kandimalla et al. [79] and Agrawal and Kandimalla [28]...

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