Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Nonexempt waste

2 Nonexempt Waste. NCRP recommends that nonexempt waste—i.e., waste that contains amounts of radionuclides, hazardous chemicals, or both greater than the allowable amounts in exempt waste—be placed in one of two classes, called low-hazard waste and high-hazard waste. [Pg.273]

1 Low-hazard waste. NCRP recommends that low-hazard waste be defined as any nonexempt waste that is generally acceptable for disposal in a dedicated near-surface facility for hazardous wastes. Examples of such facilities include licensed or permitted for disposal of low-level radioactive waste under AEA (1954) or disposal of hazardous chemical waste under Subtitle C of RCRA (1976). [Pg.273]

The use of an acceptable (barely tolerable) risk to classify nonexempt waste can be justified, in part, on the following grounds. Disposal facilities for exempt and low-hazard waste both are located near the ground surface, and many scenarios for inadvertent intrusion into municipal/industrial landfills for nonhazardous waste also would be credible occurrences at disposal sites for low-hazard waste. However, these types of scenarios should be less likely to occur at hazardous waste sites, compared with sites for disposal of nonhazardous waste, given the intention to maintain institutional control and records of past disposal activities for a considerable period of time after closure of hazardous waste sites and the possibility that societal memory of disposal activities will be retained long after institutional control is relinquished. Thus, the risk to future inadvertent intruders at dedicated hazardous waste disposal sites, taking into account the probability that exposures according to postulated scenarios would actually occur, should be comparable to the risk at disposal sites for nonhazardous waste. [Pg.273]

At the present time, a geologic repository is the intended disposal system for most radioactive waste that is not acceptable for nearsurface disposal. Alternatives to near-surface disposal facilities have not been considered for hazardous chemical waste that contains unusually high concentrations of persistent substances (e.g., heavy metals). [Pg.274]


Exempt wastes are usually disposed of on location following permission from the state oil and gas division. Liquid wastes, if not evaporated or fixated on location, are usually injected into Class II injection wells—refer to Chapter 6, Environmental Considerations. Solid wastes, if not acceptable to local landfills, are remediated onsite or buried in some instances. Table 4-175 shows exempt and nonexempt waste [234]. [Pg.1361]

Vacuum truck and drum rinsate containing nonexempt wastes... [Pg.1361]

Low-hazard waste any nonexempt waste that is generally acceptable for disposal in a dedicated near-surface facility for hazardous wastes. [Pg.2]

Thus, the basic elements of the proposed classification system are, first, that there should be a general class of waste that contains sufficiently small concentrations of radionuclides or hazardous chemicals that it can be exempted from regulatory control as hazardous material and, second, that there should be two classes of nonexempt waste that contain increasing concentrations of hazardous substances and require dedicated disposal systems that provide increased waste isolation. [Pg.27]

Low-hazard waste Any nonexempt waste that is generally acceptable for disposal in dedicated nearsurface facility for hazardous wastes 1 Based on a risk index less than unity for all hazardous substances and assumption that risk or dose to hypothetical inadvertent intruder at disposal site should not exceed acceptable (barely tolerable) levels ... [Pg.38]

High-hazard waste Any nonexempt waste that generally requires disposal system more isolating than dedicated near-surface facility for hazardous wastes1 Concentrations of any hazardous substances that exceed limits for low-hazard waste... [Pg.38]

In accordance with Equation 1.3 (see Section 1.5.1) and as indicated in Figure 1.2 (see Section 1.5.4), classification of waste would proceed in the following way. First, if the composite risk index is less than unity when the denominator represents a negligible risk and the numerator is evaluated using an exposure scenario appropriate to disposal of nonhazardous waste, the waste would be classified as exempt, but the waste would be nonexempt if the composite risk index is unity or greater. Then, for nonexempt waste, if the... [Pg.50]

The basic element of the recommended framework for a comprehensive and risk-based waste classification system is the assumption that any waste that contains sufficiently small amounts of radionuclides or hazardous chemicals should be classified as exempt, or essentially nonhazardous. Waste that contains greater amounts of hazardous substances then would be classified as nonexempt, and further classification of nonexempt wastes, based also on the amounts of hazardous substances present, would be appropriate. [Pg.271]

NCRP notes that the modifying factor in the risk index should be applied independently of the requirement to achieve a negligible risk or dose for exempt waste or an acceptable (barely tolerable) risk or dose for nonexempt waste, in order to provide regulatory flexibility in classifying particular wastes. NCRP believes that such flexibility is highly desirable to promote cost-effective management and disposal of waste, provided it is applied in a transparent manner. [Pg.284]

Given the qualitative definitions of the three waste classes, the boundaries of the waste classes would be quantified based on explicit descriptions of how the definitions are related to risk. The boundaries would be expressed in terms of limits on amounts (concentrations) of individual hazardous substances, with specified rules for how to classify waste that contains mixtures of hazardous substances, such as the sum-of-fractions rule for mixtures of substances that induce stochastic effects. Specifically, waste would be classified as exempt if the risk that arises from disposal in a municipal/industrial landfill for nonhazardous waste does not exceed negligible (de minimis) levels. Use of a negligible risk to quantify limits on concentrations of hazardous substances in exempt waste is appropriate because the waste would be managed in all respects as if it were nonhazardous. Nonexempt waste would be classified as low-hazard if the risk that arises from disposal in a dedicated near-surface facility for hazardous wastes does not exceed acceptable (barely tolerable) levels. An essential condition of the definitions of exempt and low-hazard waste is that an acceptable (barely tolerable) risk must be substantially greater than a negligible risk. Waste would be classified as high-hazard if it would pose an unacceptable (de manifestis) risk when placed in a dedicated near-surface facility for hazardous wastes. [Pg.318]

It is important to note that if you do not comply with all the regulations for your generator category, for instance, if you mistakenly assume a nonexempt waste is exempt, you do not keep your containers closed, or you exceed your accumulation time limits, EPA can now cite you under the very strict regulations for treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs). TSDF requirements include permitting, waste treatment, and financial assurances — to name just a few. [Pg.532]


See other pages where Nonexempt waste is mentioned: [Pg.1361]    [Pg.1363]    [Pg.273]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.300]    [Pg.314]    [Pg.317]    [Pg.356]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.2 , Pg.26 , Pg.38 , Pg.50 , Pg.271 , Pg.272 , Pg.273 , Pg.284 , Pg.292 , Pg.299 , Pg.314 , Pg.317 , Pg.356 ]




SEARCH



© 2024 chempedia.info