Nondrugs

Sadowski J and H Kubinyi 1998. A Scoring Scheme for Discriminating Between Drugs and Nondrug Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 41 3325-3329. 

Ajay A, Walters WP, Murcko MA. Can we learn to distinguish between druglike and nondrug-like molecules J Med Chem 1998 41 3314-24. 

Ajay, Walters, W. P., Murcko, M. A. Gan we learn to distinguish between drug-like and nondrug-like molecules J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 3314-3324. 

Wagener, M., Van Geerestein, V. J. Potential drugs and nondrugs prediction and identification of important structural features. ]. Chem. Inf Comput. Sci. 2000, 40, 280-292. 

This will be illustrated by following the route described by Sadowski and Kubinyi [58] (see the original publication for references and more details). The most cmcial part is the selection of representative sets of molecules for both the drug and the non-drug classes. The WDI was used to obtain typical drug molecules, whereas the ACD was used as source for typical nondrugs. 

Nondrug modalities play an adjunctive role and usually are not effective when used alone. Immobilization of the affected extremity speeds resolution of the attack. Applying ice packs to the joint also decreases pain and swelling, but heat application may be detrimental. 

Most mild cases of diaper rash can be resolved with the use of nonpharmacologic therapies. Keeping the diaper area clean and dry by changing diapers as soon as practically possible is highly effective for treatment and prevention.34,35 Other nondrug options include 26,34... 

Other nondrug approaches include the use of external heat or cold to reduce postauricular pain and surgery. Tympanostomy tubes are most useful for patients with recurrent disease or chronic OME with impaired hearing or speech. Adenoidectomy may be necessary for children with chronic nasal obstruction, but tonsillectomy is rarely indicated. 

Recommend the most appropriate drug and nondrug measures to treat intraabdominal infections. 

A drug product can be of no higher quality than the quality of the drug(s) and excipients (nondrug additives) from which the product is made. It is possible, however, for a product to be of much lower quality than its components, since quality and clinical performance are also related to ... 

Sadowski, J., Kubinyi, H., A scoring scheme for discriminating between drugs and nondrugs, J. Med. Chem. 1998, 43, 3325-3329. 

Anzali, S., Barnickel, G., Cezanne, B., Krug, M., Filimonov, D., Poroikov, V., Discriminating between drugs and nondrugs by prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS), J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 2432-2437. 

An individualized approach to treatment is necessary (Fig. 2-1). For mild or moderate pain, topical analgesics or acetaminophen can be used. If these measures fail or if there is inflammation, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be useful. Appropriate nondrug therapies should be continued when drug therapy is initiated. 

The use of antiarrhythmic drugs in the United States is declining because of major trials that showed increased mortality with their use in several clinical situations, the realization of proarrhythmia as a significant side effect, and the advancing technology of nondrug therapies such as ablation and the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). 

Information regarding causative factors, avoidance of substances that trigger skin reactions, and the potential benefits and limitations of nondrug and drug therapy should be conveyed to patients. 

Etiology Nondrug Generic (Brand) Drug Nume Initial Usual Max... 

Treatment options for nausea and vomiting include drug and nondrug modalities. The treatment depends on associated medical conditions. 

Constipation commonly occurs during pregnancy. Nondrug modalities such as education, physical exercise, biofeedback, and increased intake of dietary fiber and fluid should be instituted first. 

Nondrug therapies include emotional support from family and friends, education about the condition, and psychotherapy. 

Recommended pharmacologic therapy for relactation is metodopramide, 10 mg three times daily for 7 to 14 days. It should be used only if nondrug therapy is ineffective. 

Behavioral interventions (relaxation therapy, biofeedback, cognitive therapy) are preventive options for patients who prefer nondrug therapy or when drug therapy is ineffective or not tolerated. 

As a general rule, if effective, nondrug approaches are preferred when treating depressed pregnant patients. 

The exclusion method also includes instances in which drug candidates are themselves excluded from causation status because a nondrug etiology is clearly demonstrable (environmental or occupational factors, radiation injury, the underlying disease of the patient, or a comorbid state) that can reasonably account for the clinicopathology findings. 

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