Non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents NSAIDs

Experimental and clinical observations indicate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs, see p. 403) such as aspirin and indomethacin are effective in controlling diarrhea. This antidiarrheal action is probably due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-bismol), used for traveler s diarrhea, decreases fluid secretion in the bowel its action may be due to its salicylate component. 

Advanced age is one of the most important risk factors for AKI. Feest and colleagues performed a prospective 2-year study of450,000 patients and found that more than 70% of AKI cases occurred in patients age > 70 years [70]. In those patients aged 80-89 years, the risk of AKI was 56-foId higher than the reference population of those aged < 50 years. Certainly, much of this risk is attributable to co-morbidities seen in the elderly (impaired renal reserve due to chronic kidney disease, impaired left ventricular dysfunction, diabetes meUitus, concomitant medicine use such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS), etc). 

Contrary to other elicitors of non-immune anaphylactic reactions (radiocontrast media, neuromuscular blocking agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) where there are at least hypothetical concepts regarding the pathomecha-nism of these reactions via increased mediator release (e.g. histamine release, shift in arachidonic acid metabolism from prostaglandins towards leukotrienes, etc.) [26], there is almost no literature regarding the pathomechanism of these reactions after LA application. 

However, it is important to note that the addition of nephrotoxic agents, such as amphotericin B, aminoglysides (e.g., gentamicin, tobramidn, or amikacin), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs e.g., naproxen, ibuprofen, or ketorolac) may potentiate the nephrotoxic effects of the calcineurin inhibitors. 

Antibacterial agents, vaccines and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may all lead to anaphylactic shock if the patient is allergic to these products. 

The discovery and commercialization of asprin over 100 years ago, and the introduction of other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have had a profound impact on the practice of medicine and the treatment of the inflammatory conditions. Widespread access and over-the-counter availabihty of these agents has lead to the impression... 

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin are well known and have been widely used to treat various ailments for over 100 years. As a class, these agents possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activity and are chiefly used to treat chronic inflammatory states... 

Almost three decades ago, steroids namely prednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, triamcinoline and hydrocortisone were considered to be the dmg of choice as anti-inflammatory agents. Owing to the several adverse effects caused by either short-term or long-term steroid therapy, these have been more or less replaced by much safer and better tolerated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). 

Busch U, HeinzelG,NaijesH. Effect of food on pharmacokinetics of meloxicarn, anew non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Agents Actions (1991) 32, 52-3. 

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