Non-statistical

Of these 42 papers, 13 came from countries within the EU, eight from European coimtries outside the EU, and 12 from North America. He mentioned that the papers dealing with the use of CRMs did not make reference to any user guide such as ISO Guide 33 (1989) (see Section 1.2) and further that the comparison between the found results and the certified means and intervals are often presented in rather vague, or non statistical terms . 

A potential outlier should always be examined carefully. First we check if there was a simple mistake during the recording or the early manipulation of the data. If this is not the case, we proceed to a careful examination of the experimental circumstances during the particular experiment. We should be very careful not to discard ("reject") an outlier unless we have strong non-statistical reasons for doing so. In the worst case, we should report both results, one with the outlier and the other without it. 

F. Gabern, W. S. Koon, J. E. Marsden, S. D. Ross, and T. Yanao, Application of tube dynamics to non-statistical reaction processes, Few-Body Systems 38, 167 (2006). 

A realistic uncertainty interval has to be estimated, namely by considering the statistical deviations as well as the non-statistical uncertainties appearing in all steps of the analytical process. All the significant deviations have to be summarized by means of the law of error propagation see Sect. 4.2. 

Parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand . The uncertainty should combine both statistical and non-statistical contributions to the variation of the measured values which may occur in all steps of the analytical process. 

The table is not exhaustive, although it does include a majority of experimental designs that are used. One-at-a-time designs are the usual non-statistical type of experiments that are often carried out by scientists in all disciplines. Not included explicitly, however, are experimental designs that are generated from combinations of listed items. For example, a multi-factor experiment may have several levels of some of the factors but only two levels of other factors. 

The rate constants involved in the formation of larger clusters are described in terms of the RRK theory, which states that the substimtion reaction rate for the addition of the strongly bound component is much faster than for the addition of the more weakly bound component. This gives rise to the experimental observation that the composition of the clusters does not reflect the composition of the vapor phase from which they are formed. Instead, during the formation stage of the clusters, a non-statistical enrichment toward the more strongly bound species occurs. ... 

Non-statistical successive binding of O2 and CO to the four heme centers of hemoglobin ( cooperativity ) has been thoroughly documented. It is difficult to test for a similar effect for NO since the equilibrium constants are very large ( 10 M ) and therefore difficult to measure accurately. It is found that the four successive formation rate constants for binding NO to hemoglobin are identical. In contrast, the rate constant for dissociation of the first NO from Hb(NO)4 is at least 80 times less than that for removal of NO from the singly bound entity Hb(NO). This demonstrates cooperativity for the system, and shows that it resides in the dissociation process. The thermodynamic implications of any kinetic data should therefore always be assessed. 

Sample Weights. The true probability of selection for specimens collected In the NHATS network cannot be calculated since some stages of the sample selection involve nonprobability sampling. For example, the specimens are selected by the pathologist in a non-statistical manner. In addition, the sample is not... 

In addition to end-member phases, such as fluorapatite and HA, several studies have reported thermodynamic data related to solid solutions of apatite with various cations involving substitutions like Ca-Mg, Ca-Cd, Ca-Pb and Ca-Sr [72-74]. The related enthalpies of mixing were obtained, and their variation versus composition was generally indicative of a non-statistical occupancy of the cationic sites of the apatitic structure. In some instances, the limits of cationic substitution for calcium were estimated (e.g. in the range 0.073-0.101 for Ca-Mg fluorapatites according to Ben Abdelkader et al. [74]). 

In 1985, Warwel and Winkelmiiller reported a series of catalyst systems for the CM of either styrene or 4-vinylcyclohexane with unfunctionalized olefins (Scheme 9). Using heterogeneous catalyst systems of RceOy/ AI2O3, among others, the authors demonstrated that both a substrate s electronic and steric properties govern CM product selectivity. Unfortunately, as the stereoselectivities of these reactions were not reported, the effect of a secondary allylic carbon on olefin stereoselectivity was not determined. Nevertheless, the non-statistical product distribution obtained in these reactions constitutes the first example of a product selective CM reaction. 

Concerning the evaluation of acute exposures, two important facts have emerged. First, each environment should be carefully scrutinized to determine whether the maximum exposures can be predicted. When they can, air sampling follows non-statistical lines to ensure, as much as possible, that the highest interval... 

The symmetry of Figure 6 indicates that two possible models exist an intramolecular bond on chain 1 with an intermolecular bond on chain 2, or vice versa. On looking at molecular models, selection of one option for a particular site does not appear to dictate the selection at neighboring sites. Thus a random mixture of the two options was considered by placing half oxygens at the two positions for each residue. This statistical model is shown in Figure 7, and had a residual of R"=0.188, not significantly different from the non-statistical model. 

Schwartz-Lavi, D., Bar, I., and Rosenwaks, S. (1986). Rotational alignment and non-statistical A doublet population in NO following (CHs CONO photodissociation, Chem. Phys. Lett. 128, 123-126. 

One can define diastereoselectivity as the formation of diastereoisomers in a non-statistical ratio in any chemical transformation (formation of transition states included). Such a definition concerns equilibrium as well as nonreversible reactions. An asymmetric synthesis in a restricted sense can be considered as a reaction leading to a product containing at least one new stable dissymmetric center with a definite chirality. Such a reaction may take place in the coordination sphere of a metal ion. First of all the following question has to be answered which are the structural properties in the architecture of the coordination sphere that lead to the following phenomenona ... 

Abstract. The current status of the theory of the magnetic moment anomaly of the electron and muon is reviewed with particular emphasis on the on-going effort to reduce the statistical and non-statistical uncertainties in the numerical evaluation of the QED contribution. 

Thus far D is the only result published as the final value of a calculation. It is basically an order-of-magnitude estimate, and its uncertainty is statistical only. Although it has meager statistics by today s standard and its non-statistical error has not been analyzed, it is at least independent of other results. One of the purpose of this paper is to examines the nature and magnitude of the non-statistical error of >i in detail. The result is reported later in this Section as Dia-... 

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