Non-covalent interaction-based immobilization procedures

Electrochemical Sensors, Biosensors and Their Biomedical Applications 

---

Since immunosensors usually measure the signals resulting from the specific immu-noreactions between the analytes and the antibodies or antigens immobilized, it is clear that the immobilization procedures of the antibodies (antigens) on the surfaces of base transducers should play an important role in the construction of immunosensors. Numerous immobilization procedures have been employed for diverse immunosensors, such as electrostatic adsorption, entrapment, cross-linking, and covalent bonding procedures. They may be appropriately divided into two kinds of non-covalent interaction-based and covalent interaction-based immobilization procedures. 

This paper reviews the present status of affinity separation of cells based on the biospecific interaction of cellular receptors with proteinaceous ligands immobilized on a solid-phase matrix. Special emphasis was placed on the development of new matrix materials for immuno-affinity chromatography of lymphocyte subpopulations. Our newly developed matrix of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/polyamine graft copolymer offered novel advantages in (1) elimination of non-specific adsorption of lymphocytes and (2) simple immobilization procedure of ligand protein through non-covalent adsorption. This matrix allowed a rapid separation of preparative quantities of pure and vital lymphocyte subpopulations (IgG-positive and -negative cells) in excellent yield. 

---