Nomenclature formulae

TABLE 18.1 Number of carbon atoms Alkane Nomenclature Formula Name of alkane Name of alkyl group Formula... 

Nomenclature, Formulas, Melting Points and Heats of Explosion of 5-Amino Tetrazole Derivatives Used as Experimental Propellant Additives (Ref 4)... 

Some Representative Heteropoly Salts and their Nomenclature Formula IUPAC names... 

Sodium Silicates Nomenclature Formulae dium Silicates mw Crystn form 0 mp. bn, ° d, g/cc RI Sol in w, g/lOOcc... 

Introduction to Nomenclature Formulas of Elements Compounds Made from Two Nonmetals Names and Formulas of Ions Formed by One Element... 

Type Species Nomenclature Formula Product Example... 

The total interaction between two slabs of infinite extent and depth can be obtained by a summation over all atom-atom interactions if pairwise additivity of forces can be assumed. While definitely not exact for a condensed phase, this conventional approach is quite useful for many purposes [1,3]. This summation, expressed as an integral, has been done by de Boer [8] using the simple dispersion formula, Eq. VI-15, and following the nomenclature in Eq. VI-19 ... 

The commercial 2D structure editor. Chemistry 4D-Draw, from Chemlnnovativc Software Inc., includes two additional special modules besides conventional chemical drawing tools. NamExpert provides the interpretation ofa compound name according to the lUPAC nomenclature to create the corresponding chemical structure. The latter can be represented in three different styles the shorthand. Kckulc. or semi-structural formula. In contrast to NamExpert, the Nomenclature module assigns lUPAC names to drawn structures. 

Descriptive properties for a basic group of approximately 1400 inorganic compounds are compiled in Section 3. These follow a concise, revised introduction to inorganic nomenclature that follows the recommendations of the lUPAC published in 1990. In this section are given the exact atomic (or formula) weight of the elements accompanied, when available, by the uncertainty in the final figure given in parentheses. 

The oxidation-number system is easily extended to include other coordination compounds. Even the interesting substances represented by the formulas Na4Ni(CN)4 and K4Pd(CN)4 create no nomenclature problem they become sodium tetracyanonickelate(0) and potassium tetracyanopaHadate(0), respectively. 

Peroxomonosulfa.tes, When oleum is mixed with hydrogen peroxide and the mixture is partially neutralized by potassium hydroxide, a triple salt [37222-66-5] crystallizes out. In the old nomenclature, the formula for the triple salt was written as if it comprised three salts 2... 

The general formula for boric acid esters is B(OR)2. The lower molecular weight esters such as methyl, ethyl, and phenyl are most commonly referred to as methyl borate [121 -43-7] ethyl borate [130-46-9J, and phenyl borate [1095-03-0] respectively. Some of the most common boric acid esters used in industrial appHcations are Hsted in Table 1. The nomenclature in the boric acid ester series can be confusing. The lUPAC committee on boron chemistry has suggested using trialkoxy- and triaryloxyboranes (5) for compounds usually referred to as boric acid esters, trialkyl (or aryl) borates, trialkyl (or aryl) orthoborates, alkyl (or aryl) borates, alkyl (or aryl) orthoborates, and in the older Hterature as boron alkoxides and aryloxides. CycHc boric acid esters, which are trimeric derivatives of metaboric acid (HBO2), are known as boroxines (1). 

Two-Dimensional Representation of Chemical Structures. The lUPAC standardization of organic nomenclature allows automatic translation of a chemical s name into its chemical stmcture, or, conversely, the naming of a compound based on its stmcture. The chemical formula for a compound can be translated into its stmcture once a set of semantic rules for representation are estabUshed (26). The semantic rules and their appHcation have been described (27,28). The inverse problem, generating correct names from chemical stmctures, has been addressed (28) and explored for the specific case of naming condensed benzenoid hydrocarbons (29,30). 

The values of k and can be read directly from Chart A by entering with the characteristic h computed from the formulas given above. Nomenclature is as foUo ... 

The formal procedures for analysis of alternative modes of disconnection of fused-ring systems are facilitated by the use of a standard nomenclature for various types of key bonds in such structures. A number of useful terms are illustrated in formulas 111-114, which have been constructed arbitrarily using rings of the most common sizes, 5 and 6. Structures are shown for... 

A further anomaly in nomenclature is thebainol, the name applied to the substance formed by the alkaline reduction of metethebainone, and which was at first believed to be formed by reduction of the carbonyl group, but which Gulland and Robinson proved to be a ketone. It is isomeric with dihydrothebainone referred to above, and has been re-named dihydrom tathebainone (Schopf). The interrelationships of these substances are shown by the following formulae —... 

The nomenclature and numbering of formulas for berberine and its derivatives is based on the system adopted by Buck, Perkin and Stevens for the parent substance of the series, protoberberine (XXIV). Awe has suggested that tetrahydroproioberberine should be called berbine and used as the basis of a system of names for these alkaloids. 

It will be seen from the foregoing that there is no systematic nomenclature for these compounds. Some of them have been isolated by several workers and with the impression that they were new substances have been given new names, and this applies especially to the two isocinchonines and dihydrocinchonine. It will be noticed that instead of the two geometrical isomerides required by formula (Ga) there are three cinchon-hydrines. The a- and jS-forms are well-defined crystalline substances, but the supposed y-form (see table, p. 452) is amorphous and its authenticity doubtful. Eormula (E) requires two geometrical isomerides, but quinidine... 

The systematic nomenclature used originally the term imidazo-1,2,3-triazine. The Chemical Abstracts indexes use the more accurate name imidazo[4,5-d]-Z -triazine (141). The numbering of the substituents is different in the two systems of nomenclature as may be seen in the formulas. 

According to the systematic nomenclature these substances were first named l-f-triazolo[d] pyrimidines in compliance with the general principles of the Ring Index/ More recent papers and Chemical Abstracts indexes use the term i -triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine (147) in accord with the lUPAC nomenclature. The numbering of substituents when using the last-mentioned name is different from that of the 8-aza analogs. For the formulas of oxygen and sulfur derivatives names derived from the lactim or thiolactim form are almost exclusively in use (in common with the purine derivatives). These derivatives are thus described as hydroxy and mercapto derivatives, respectively. The name 1,2,3,4,6-pentaazaindene is used only rarely for this system. 

Five different structures may be written for the oxazolones. Their skeletal formulas, the Chemical Abstracts nomenclature (listed first), and the names with more common usage follow. 

Concerning nomenclature, fulvalene 2 and its related systems 1 and 3-6 are the parent structures of this class of heterocyclic cross-conjugated compounds. Both ring systems are numbered as shown in formula 9 (1,4,5,8-tetraazafulva-lene) beginning at the heteroatoms. Alternatively, as in the case of heptafulva-lene 10 (3,3 -diazaheptafulvalene), the numbers 1-7 and l -7 can be used.Tlie use of the name of the parent heterocycle connected by an olefinic double bond is often favored for the nomenclature of electron-rich olefines, for example, bis[3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-ylidene] for compound 51a (97LAR365). Similarly, azafulvalenes of type 11 and 12 can be re-... 

The type substance upon which the nomenclature of the terpeues is based is hexahydro-jj-cymene, which is termed p-menthane, the carbou atoms beiug numbered as shown in the following formula —... 

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