Nobel family

The Nobel family suffered many set backs in marketing nitroglycerine because it was prone to accidental initiation, and its initiation in bore holes by blackpowder was unreliable. There were many accidental explosions, one of which destroyed the Nobel factory in 1864 and killed Alfred s brother, Emil. Alfred Nobel in 1864 invented the metal blasting cap detonator which greatly improved the initiation of blackpowder. The detonator contained mercury fulminate [Hg(CNO)2] and was able... 

Nitroglycerine (C3H5N309) (2.6) was first prepared by the Italian, Ascanio Sobrero in 1846 by adding glycerol to a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. In 1863, a laboratory plant was set up to manufacture nitroglycerine by the Nobel family. In 1882, the Boutmy-Faucher process for the manufacture of nitroglycerine was developed in France and also adopted in England. 

The limitations of black powder as a blasting explosive were apparent for difficult mining and tunneling operations. More efficient explosives were required. Liquid nitroglycerine [C3H503(N02)s], 1, that was discovered by the Italian Professor Sobrero, was later studied and manufactured by the Swedish inventor, Immanuel Nobel in 1863. The major problem that the Nobel family faced was the transportation of liquid nitroglycerine that causes loss of life and property. The destruction of the Nobel factory in 1864 was one of many accidents caused by the explosion of nitroglycerine. 

One of the most comprehensive and historically significant sites on the Web is the Nobel Prize site (nobelprize.org). This site has biographies of all the prize winners, their acceptance speeches, and historical and educational material on the topics that won prizes, as well as the history of the Nobel family and the prizes themselves. The site even lists the prize money awarded since the first prizes were given out. 

Nobel, Alfred Bernhard (1833-96) A Swedish industrial chemist and inventor of dynamite. One of eight children to poor parents, he showed an early interest in explosives. His father was an inventor and having moved to St Petersburg made his fortune making explosives. Now that it was affordable, Alfred first received private tuition and studied chemistry before moving to Paris and then the US. The Nobel family produced armaments for the Crimean War (1853-56) but thereafter filed for bankruptcy. His brother Ludwig... 

The Nobel banquet in the Blue Hall of the Stockholm City Hall is traditionally attended, in addition to the Swedish Royal Family, by... 

The next day, Sunday the 11th, the Royal couple gave a dinner in their palace for the laureates and some 200 guests as a conclusion of the Nobel week. The austere, impressive palace 1 was told by the Queen is not suited to bringing up a family and they use it only for formal entertainment. 

Edmond Becquerel was one of a family of scientists. His father, Antoine-Cesar, was professor of physics at the Museum d Histoire Naturelle, and his son, [Antoine-] Henri Becquerel, also a physicist, discovered the phenomenon of radioactivity (for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1903). 

We shall now derive a result first obtained24 by more complicated mathematics than the alternative25 given here. The 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to R. A. Marcus for developing this work. We construct a family of reaction profiles (see Fig. 10-8) for different members of the series. The horizontal axis is now used to show the relative locations of the transition states. The larger AG is, the closer to product the transition states lies, and the larger AG is. By assuming that the sensitivity coefficient... 

Bernard Ephraim Julius Pagel was bom in Berlin on 4 January 1930, but when his father was dismissed from his post as Jewish persecution increased, the family moved to Britain in 1933. From Merchant Taylors School he won an open scholarship in Natural Sciences at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, graduating with First-class honours in Physics in 1950. His early research at Cambridge (Ph.D. 1955) centred on the solar atmosphere. Inspired by Willy Fowler, a future Nobel Prize winner who was visiting from California, he started a life-long interest in the abundances of the chemical elements. 

Ziegler-Natta Also called Z-N. A general name for the family of olefin polymerization processes invented by K. Ziegler and G. Natta in the 1950s. Ziegler and Natta were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1963 for their discoveries. See Natta, Ziegler (1). 

It was largely because of Bohr s efforts that Fermi was in the United States rather than his native Italy, and it was from Bohr that he learned that, theoretically, a bomb could be made. In 1938 anti-Semitic laws were passed in Italy. Because Fermi s wife was Jewish, they began looking for an opportunity to leave Italy. In the fall of that year, when Fermi was visiting Bohr s institute, Bohr told him that he would receive the Nobel Prize that year. Under ordinary circumstances this would have been a serious breach of etiquette Nobel Prize winners are not supposed to be informed in advance. However, as Bohr realized, it would provide Fermi with a perfect opportunity. Fermi left Italy with his family in December 1938. After staying with Bohr for approximately two weeks, he took his wife and children with him to the Nobel ceremony in Stockholm and from there they sailed to New York, where a visiting professorship at Columbia University had been arranged. 

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