Alfred Bernhard

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was bom in Stockholm, Sweden, on October 21, 1833, as the third of four sons to Immanuel and Andriette (AhlseU) Nobel. That same year, his father, an engineer and builder, went bankmpt when barges full of building materials were lost at sea. In 1837 Immanuel left Stockholm and moved to St. Petersburg, Russia, where he started manufacturing equipment for the Russian army. His factory flourished, especially with the manufacture and sale of naval mines of his own constmction. 

Immanuel was eventually able to bring his family to Russia, where his sons were given a private education. Alfred Nobel s interests ranged from literature and poetry to physics and chemistry. Nobel s command of foreign languages was excellent by the age of seventeen he was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English, and German, which aided him in his future business transactions. 

In 1868 Nobel and his father were awarded the Letterstedt Prize by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Nobel highly valued this award, which was the only prize he ever received, and which was perhaps the source of his idea for a similar prize he later established. 

one of the wealthiest men of his time, constantly moved between his factories and his houses equipped with laboratories. He was both an industrialist and an administrator, handling his business without a secretary. As he wrote in a letter My home is where I work, and I work everywhere. His prodigious activities had a negative effect on his health, which had been poor since his youth. After 1890 he preferred to stay at his home in San Remo, Italy. By that time he had 350 patents and ninety-three factories in several countries. 

On November 27, 1895, Nobel wrote his last will, in which he generously bequeathed his wealth to his relatives and friends. The second part of his will, however, is more famous, for it is here that he established the Nobel Prizes. Nobel s property that was designated for the fund was worth seventy million Swedish crowns, and has continued to grow since then. Nobel Prizes are awarded in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. Since 1969 a Nobel Prize, funded by the Swedish Bank, has also been awarded for outstanding achievements in economy. 

---

I, the undersigned, Alfred Bernhard Nobel hereby declares as my last will and testament that what property I may possess at my death shall be dealt with in the following way ... 

Nobel, Alfred Bernhard (1833-96) Swedish chemist and engineer who discovered the element nobelium and invented a safer explosive by mixing nitroglycerin with the diatomaceous earth kieselguhr. He called this explosive dynamite. It earned him so much money that he was able to leave more than 9 million for the establishment of the Nobel Prize. 

The Nobel Prize is generally considered the highest honor a scientist can receive. These awards were established by Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833-1896) and were first conferred in 1901. 

Nobel, Alfred Bernhard (1833-96) A Swedish industrial chemist and inventor of dynamite. One of eight children to poor parents, he showed an early interest in explosives. His father was an inventor and having moved to St Petersburg made his fortune making explosives. Now that it was affordable, Alfred first received private tuition and studied chemistry before moving to Paris and then the US. The Nobel family produced armaments for the Crimean War (1853-56) but thereafter filed for bankruptcy. His brother Ludwig... 

---