NOAA-satellites

Climate of 2005 Summary of Hurricane Katrina. NOAA Satellite and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center Web Site. Available online. URL http //www.ncdc. noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/katrina.html. Accessed October 25, 2006. 

TABLE 9.2 Used NOAA Satellites in the Investigation Period... 

An analysis of visible and infrared images from the Terra, Aqua, and NOAA satellites (Stanichny 2005, oral talk in Moscow [30]) has shown that upwelling manifests itself at the eastern coast of the western Large Sea both in the period of spring warming (April-May) (Fig. 11a) and in autumn (Figs. 11b and c). The band of cold upwelling waters of width several kilometers covers practically aU the coast. In this case, cyclonic vortices and features reminiscent of transversal filaments of... 

Fig. 11 Infrared images from the NOAA satellites NOAA-16 image fin 15 May 2005 (a), NOAA-17 for 30 September 2005 (b), and NOAA-18 for 1 October 2005 (c) (courtesy of D. Soloviev, Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol, Ukraine)...

Fig. 4.3 AVHRR 1-km SST image for 24 July 2000 showing mesoscale structure in the Eastern Mediterranean. Raw data obtained from the NOAA Satellite Active Archive and processed at Plymouth Marine Laboratory.

Tropospheric and Stratospheric Temperature Record from Satellite Measurements (2012) The National Climatic Data Center, NOAA Satellite and Information Service, http //www.geocrafLcom/WVFossils/Reference Docs/NOAA Satellite Temps to 2007.pdf (last accessed April 2012). 

The Advanced-Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) carried on board the NOAA-7 satellite has been collecting radiance data from the earth s surface since 1978. The polar-orbiting satellite records global data on a neardaily basis. The 4-kilometer data have been remapped by NO A A into monthly composites. The data are collected in 2 bands-one visible (VIS), the other near infrared (NIR). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, or NDVI, defined... 

Plate 4. The global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, as described in Smith and Sandwell, 1997. (Kindly provided by Dr Walter Smith of NOAA.)... 

Volumes Estimated Using Satellite Data. Final Report to the World Bank, Earth Observation Group. Boulder, Colorado NOAA National Geophysical Data Centre. www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/interest/DMSP flares 20070530 b.pdf. 

The Backscatter Ultraviolet atmospheric ozone experiment (BUV) was the first of a series of instruments made by NASA and later NOAA, which has successfully made long-term measurements of the vertical profile and total amount of ozone (Heath et al., 1973) (Table 1). BUV was launched aboard the Nimbus 4 satellite into a circular polar orbit at an altitude of 1100 km. This orbit is sun-synchronous and the satellite crosses the equator in an ascending mode every 107 minutes close to local noon. 

This instrument concept was developed and resulted in the SBUV (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet) and TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) being launched aboard Nimbus 7 (Heath et al., 1975). The second generation SBUV instrument (SBUV-2) was further improved and has been flown by NOAA on a series of satellites (Frederick et al., 1986) (Table 1). 

Ignatov, A.M., L.L. Stiwe, S.M. Sakerin, G.K. Korotaev (1995) Validation of the NOAA/NESDIS satellite aerosol product over die North Adantic in 1989. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 5123-5132. 

Fig. 9 Left, satellite photo (infrared, 10.8 pm) of the Sahara dust plume on 28 May 2008, 12 UTC. Source EUMETSAT Meteosat [49]. Right. 72 h backward trajectories for 26 September 2008 showing air mass origin from arid regions north of the Caspian sea (NOAA Hysplit 4.9, data processed by TrajStat reprinted from [7] with permission from Elsevier)...

Chedin A. Hollingsworth A. Scott N.A. Serrar S. Crevoisier C. and Armante R. (2002). Annual and seasonal variations of atmospheric C02, N20 and CO concentrations retrieved from NOAA/TOVS satellite observations. Geophys. Res. Letters, 29, 110-114. 

Under the conditions of the reduction of regional hydrographic measurements and surveys on the entire sea scale, the study of the interannual SST variability may be based only on the regular and permanently replenished information with a high spatio-temporal resolution. Such satellite information about the SST is acquired by the measurements with Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) onboard the satellites of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The efficiency of the use of these satellite data for the studies of the spatio-temporal variability of the Black Sea temperature regime was demonstrated in [8-13]. 

Data from the environmental satellites NOAA-7 and GOES showed that the eruptions had penetrated the tropopause and injected material into the stratosphere. The cloud produced by the April 4 eruption was tracked... 

Figure 2. Upwelling system off Point Sur, California is evident in NOAA-7 satellite IR image from June 9, 1980. Gray shades represent —0.5 °C (lightest = 8 °C darkest = 15 °C).

Schwalb, A. The TIROS-N/NOAA A-G Satellite Series, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Washington, D.C., 1978, No. 95. 

Figure 8. Radiatively equivalent aerosol optical thickness (EAOT x 1000) over the oceans derived from NOAA AVHRR satellites for summer. Darker shades indicate greater values of EAOT. Adapted from Husar et al. (1997). Used by permission of the American Geophysical Union.

From the series of daily Warnemunde air temperatures (1947-2005) result corresponding trends for the summer (JAS) and winter (JFM) to be even 1.7°C/100 year and 4.3 C/1 ()() year. By using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather satellite data (1990-2004), Siegel et al. (2006) reported the comparable overall trend of about 5°C/ 100 year in the sea surface temperature off Arkona. All these trends are modulated by significant interannual fluctuations, as shown in Fig 5.7. Moreover, such local trends vary... 

This chapter summarizes investigations on satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) of the Baltic Sea for the period 1990-2005. The sea surface temperature derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather satellites were used in the Baltic Sea research for the investigation of the temperature development, for detailed process studies, and monitoring purposes. 

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