Instrumentation concepts

Guilhaus M 1995 Principles and instrumentation in time-of-flight mass spectrometry physical and instrumental concepts J. Mass Spectrom. 30 1519-32... 

Monitoring skin contamination at a coal gasifier. Recently the luminoscope was field tested at a coal gasifier facility. The purpose was to evaluate the performance of the prototype apparatus in a real-life workplace environment and to test the applicability of the instrumental concept in actual measurements. The skin contamination survey was carried out on six workers during two work-shifts. All measurements were carried out before and after washing. The portions of the workers bodies most likely to be directly exposed to coal and tar are those not protected by clothing, e.g., hands, arms, and faces. The measurements performed during this field trip were restricted only to arms and hands. 

This instrument concept was developed and resulted in the SBUV (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet) and TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) being launched aboard Nimbus 7 (Heath et al., 1975). The second generation SBUV instrument (SBUV-2) was further improved and has been flown by NOAA on a series of satellites (Frederick et al., 1986) (Table 1). 

Love, R. (1974). Herman Boerhaave and the Element-Instrument Concept of Y tT A.nnals of Science, y/, 347-559. 

DIN EN ISO 4288-04 (1998) Determination of values of surface roughness parameters Ra, Rz, Rmax using electrical contact (stylus) instruments concepts and measuring conditions. 2014 Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, Germany... 

A. D. Holland. G. W. Fraser, R. Willingale, and M. J. L. Turner. The Hard X-ray Telescope instrument concept and detectors. These proceedings. 

Figure 1 depicts the HXT instrument concept, details of which can be found in ref. [1]. The overall instrument is formed from a set of 4 telescope modules, where each module comprises a 7x7 array of MCP lenses and solid state detectors, with an intermediate... 

Many of the more lucid presentations on pH are found in general chemistry texts, whereas instrumental concepts of pH measurement are found in ana-lyical chemistry texts. The most definitive text at an advanced level is Bates, R. Determination of pH (New York John Wiley Sons, 1964) and is located in most chemistry libraries. 

Ihe present Instrumentation concept Is adequate c Reactor Atmosphere Instrumentation... 

Guilhaus, M. (1995). Principles and Instrumentation in Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry. Physical and Instrumental Concepts. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 1519-1532, ISSN 1076-5174... 

In many cases, the electrochemical signal at the tip is not sufficient to assess the tip-substrate distance independently from the interfacial process. In consequence, a variety of instrumental concepts have been investigated to maintain the tip-substrate distance constant, irrespective of the topography, and to operate the SECM in constant-distance mode. In practice, another measurement is performed - either alternatively or simultaneously, and usually with a separate sensor - to determine the tip-substrate distance and continually to adjust the tip position along the z-axis while scanning along the x- and y-axes over the sample. 

Basic spectroscopic measurements involve the instrumental concepts of bandpass and resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, stray light, wavelength accuracy and precision, and photometric accuracy and precision. These concepts were described in Chapter 1. 

Internal NOSH Consortium s efforts to develop instrument concepts are underway and will be released once suitable designs are finalized. Simultaneously, external instrument manufacturers and academic researchers are maldng significant progress toward the development of portable instruments to address the needs of the NOSH Consortium membership and the NOSH Consortium membership continues to track advances made by external developers. 

---