Nitronaphthalenes detection

Nanosecond flash photolysis studies of Ct-nitronaphthalene in polar and nonpolar solvents led to the detection of the trip let-triplet absorption spectrum of this nitrocompd (Ref 26). 

Nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are environmental contaminants which have been detected in airborne particulates, coal fly ash, diesel emission and carbon black photocopier toners. These compounds are metabolized Tn vitro to genotoxic agents through ring oxidation and/or nitroreduction. The details of these metabolic pathways are considered using 4-nitrobiphenyl, 1- and 2-nitronaphthalene, 5-nitro-acenaphthene, 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene, 6-nitro-chrysene, 1-nitropyrene, 1,3-, 1,6- and 1,8-dinitro-pyrene, and 1-, 3- and 6-nitrobenzo[a] pyrene as examples ... 

Although El-Bayoumy and Hecht (84) did not detect the reduction of 1-nitronaphthalene to 1-naphthylamine in their S9 incubations, Poirier and Weisburger (125) did find reduction under... 

The wide range of mutagenicities of the methylni-tronaphthalene isomers, e.g., from none detected for 2-methyl-3-nitronaphthalene to 1700 rev/nmol for 2-methyl-6-nitronaphthalene, and the greater activity of 2-nitro- vs 1-nitronaphthalene (Table 10.18), is consistent with the proposal of Yu and co-workers (1992)... 

BTT and BTN, butane-1,2,4-triol-trinitrate DNT, dinitrotoluene EGDN, ethylene glycol dinitrate HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography LOD, limits of detection MDQ, minimum detectable quantities NB, nitrobenzene NG, nitroglycerine NN, nitronaphthalene NT, nitrotoluene PETN, pentaerythritol tetranitrate RDX, cyclotrimethylene trinitramine SFE, supercritical fluid extraction SGC, solvating gas chromatography TDM, thermal desorption modulator TNB, trinitrobenzene and TNT, trinitrotoluene. 

Detection of nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) is possible using ECD and can be made more sensitive by preparing the fluorinated derivatives of NPAHs with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA). The fine fraction (<0.5 /rm) of urban air particulate matter in Saitama, Japan contained about ten times the amount of NPAHs as the course fraction with levels as high as 111 pg m for 1-nitropyrene and 18 pg m for 1-nitronaphthalene. 

The relative retention time (relative to dy-nitronaphthalene) and mass spectrum of each standard compound were used to assign specific isomer identification to a few of the nitro-aromatics detected in the extracts. The other nitro-aromatic isomers detected were identified by appropriate mass spectra and retention times. The availability of other specific nitro-aromatic isomers may allow assignments to be made of those compounds. 

A comparison of mutagenic activity using normal and nitroreductase-deficient bacteria provides a method for detection and identification of nitroaromatic mutagens. But this idea is complicated by the existence of several bacterial nitroreductases with differing specificities (11). Three different nitroreductase-deficient derivatives of the normal tester strain TA98 were obtained from Dr H. S. Rosenkranz at Case Western University who has isolated and characterized these strains. Strain TA98NR was selected for its resistance to the nitrocompound niridazole and subsequently found to be resistant to the mutagenicity of niridazole, and also to that of the nitrofurans, nitronaphthalenes, and nitrofluorene (3). It is also resistant to 1-nitropyrene and a number of other nitro-PAH... 

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