Nitroaromatics mutagenic

A comparison of mutagenic activity using normal and nitroreductase-deficient bacteria provides a method for detection and identification of nitroaromatic mutagens. But this idea is complicated by the existence of several bacterial nitroreductases with differing specificities (11). Three different nitroreductase-deficient derivatives of the normal tester strain TA98 were obtained from Dr H. S. Rosenkranz at Case Western University who has isolated and characterized these strains. Strain TA98NR was selected for its resistance to the nitrocompound niridazole and subsequently found to be resistant to the mutagenicity of niridazole, and also to that of the nitrofurans, nitronaphthalenes, and nitrofluorene (3). It is also resistant to 1-nitropyrene and a number of other nitro-PAH... 

Nitroaromatic compounds have been identified in diesel engine emissions (Salmeen et al. 1984), and attention has been directed particularly to 1,8- and 1,6-dinitropyrene that are mutagenic, and possibly carcinogenic (Nakagawa et al. 1983). 

Purohit V, AK Basu (2000) Mutagenicity of nitroaromatic compounds. Chem Res Toxicol 13 673-692. 

Mutagenicity tests and gas chromatographic analyses of motor oils exposed to NO2 indicated the presence of many mutagenic nitroaromatic compounds. Comparison of motor oil nitrated with NO2 and used automobile oil show similar behavior448. 

Wei Cl, Cohen MD, Swartz DD, et al. 1984. Mutagenicity studies of some nitroaromatics with regular Salmonella typhimurium strains and their corresponding nitroreductase-deficient strains. Environ Mutagen 6 410. 

Greibrokk, T., G. Lofroth, L. Nilsson, R. Toftgard, J. Carlstedt-Duke, and J. Gustafsson, Nitroarenes Mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella./Microsome Assay and Affinity to the TCDD-Recep-tor Protein, in Toxicity of Nitroaromatic Compounds (D. E. Rick-ert, Ed.), pp. 166-183, Hemisphere Publishing, Washington, DC, 1985. 

The high-voltage power supply and related open connections should be handled with extreme care to avoid electrical shock. Nitroaromatic explosives are toxic and mutagenic compounds and should be handled with extra care. Skin and eye contact and accidental ingestion or inhalation should be avoided. 

W.A. Vance, D.E. Levin, Structural features of nitroaromatics that determine mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium. Environ. Mutagen. 6, 797-811 (1984)... 

M. Klein et al., From mutagenic to non-mutagenic nitroarenes Effect of bulky alkyl substituents on the mutagenic activity of nitroaromatics in Salmonella typhimurium. Part II. Substituents far away from the nitro group. Mutat. Res. 467, 69-82 (2000)... 

R.L. Lopez de Compadre et al., LUMO energies and hydrophobicity as determinants of mutagenicity by nitroaromatic compounds in Salmonella typhimurium. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 15, 44-55 (1990). 

M. Fan et al., Comparison of CoMFA models for Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA98+S9 and TA100+S9 mutagenicity of nitroaromatics. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. 9, 187-215 (1998)... 

Whong WZ, Speciner ND, Edwards GS. 1980a. Mutagenic activity of tetryl, a nitroaromatic explosive, in 3 microbial test systems. Toxicol Lett (Amst) 5 11-18. 

G. H. Loew, D. Spangler, and R. J. Spanggord, in QSAR in Toxicology and Xenobiochem-istry, M. Tichy, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985, pp. 111-126. Computer-Assisted Risk Assessment Mechanistic Structure Activity Studies of Mutagenic Nitroaromatic Compounds. 

Antimutagenic activity of bis(D,L-lactato)-, bis(L-lactato)-, bis(thiolacetato)- and bis (thioglycolato)germanium(rV) has been tested in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TAIOO. They showed moderate activity against the mutagenic effect of nitroaromatic compounds . ... 

Compadre, R.L.L., Byrd, C. and Compadre, C.M. (1998). Comparative QSAR and 3-D-QSAR Analysis of the Mutagenicity of Nitroaromatic Compounds. In Comparative QSAR (Devillers, J., ed.), Taylor Francis, Washington (DC), pp. 111-136. [R]... 

Compadre RL, Byrd C, Compadre CM. Comparative QSAR and 3-D-QSAR analysis of the mutagenicity of nitroaromatic compounds. Comparative QSAR 1998 lll-36. 

Most studies conducted on nitroaromatics in mammalian cells have dealt with polycyclic nitroaromatic hydrocarbons. Although a wide range of mutagenic potencies for various nitro arenes have been reported, recent reviews [29,30] did not include explosive compounds. The various assays used to assess genotoxicity of explosives are described in Table 8.2. 

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