Nitroglycerine solubility

DuPont in the U.S. developed about 1909, a smokeless powder from cotton of relatively low nitrogen that was quite soluble in ether alcohol. A small amount of diphenylamine was used as a stabilizer. After forming the grains and removing the liquid, a coating of graphite was added to make the smokeless powder that was used in the U.S. Other double-base types contain about 25% nitroglycerin. Cotton lint for nitration has been replaced by purified wood cellulose. 

Cyclic GMP is made from GTP by the enzyme gua-nylyl cyclase, which exists in soluble and membrane-bound forms. Each of these isozymes has unique physiologic properties. The atriopeptins, a family of peptides produced in cardiac atrial tissues, cause natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and inhibition of aldosterone secretion. These peptides (eg, atrial natriuretic factor) bind to and activate the membrane-bound form of guanylyl cyclase. This results in an increase of cGMP by as much as 50-fold in some cases, and this is thought to mediate the effects mentioned above. Other evidence links cGMP to vasodilation. A series of compounds, including nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nitric oxide, sodium nitrite, and sodium azide, all cause smooth muscle re-... 

Nitroglycerin is a lipid-soluble substance that is rapidly absorbed across the sublingual or buccal mucosa. Its onset of action occurs within 2 to 5 minutes, with maximal effects observed at 3 to 10 minutes. Little residual activity remains 20 to 30 minutes after sublingual administration. The plasma half-life of nitroglycerin, given... 

The highly lipid soluble and nonirritating drugs (i.e. nitroglycerine, isoprenaline, methyltestosterone) in the form of tablets or pellet is placed under the tongue, where they rapidly dissolve and are absorbed quickly in the general circulation. The advantages of this routes are ... 

Explosive Compositions, Brisont (of High Density). The following expl compns con eg solid TNT and liquid nitric esters are described. Nitroglycerin 15—20, soluble Nitrocellulose 0—7.5, Kieselguhr 0—5, stabilizer 0-2.5, TNT 85-70%. The TNT is in the form of crushed flakes Ref J. Taylor and S.H. Davidson, BritP 578371 (1946) CA 41, 1842 (1947)... 

This is a crystalline product readily soluble in most organic solvents, including nitroglycerine. It was prepared and recommended as an explosive by Moran [77], and later examined in detail by Clark [78] and Romburgh [79]. 

The substance is also soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid, acetone, acetic acid, nitrobenzene, aniline, pyridine, and nitroglycerine, at room temperature. In water its solubility is only 0.08% at 25°C. 

Ballistites initially consisted of equal amounts by weight of nitroglycerine and soluble nitrocellulose CP2 with the addition of aniline or diphenylamine as stabilizers. It was found, however, that the presence of aniline and diphenylamine is detrimental to the stability of the powder, and they were therefore omitted. The valuable properties of centralite as a solvent of low basicity were then recognized and it was used both for its ability to dissolve the nitrocellulose and for its stabilizing action. 

Solventless powder is usually tubular. It was first produced at the Diineberg factory, in 1912, under the name of RPC/12 (Rohrenpulver mit Centralit 1912). Initially the manufacture of this powder was based upon the use of easily soluble nitrocellulose (11 % N), plus guncotton to bring the total nitrogen content up to 11.7%. About 25% nitroglycerine was used plus a large quantity of centralite (4-5%) as a non-volatile solvent. 

The solubility of nitroglycerine in aqueous (1-10%) sodium carbonate is still lower (of the order of 1.0 g) [108]. 

The solubility of nitroglycerine in halogeno derivatives of hydrocarbons depends on their chlorine content. Thus, nitroglycerine can be mixed with dichloroethylene in all proportions but with 100 parts of trichloroethylene at room temperature only 20 parts of nitroglycerine are misdble, whilst nitroglycerine dissolves with difficulty in tetrachloroethylene and pentachloroethane. 

To an appredable extent the solubility of nitroglycerine in ethyl alcohol depends on the temperature of the solvent and its water content. In the cold a limited quantity of nitroglycerine is dissolved in absolute alcohol, whereas at temperatures of about 50°C it mixes with absolute or 96% alcohol in all proportions. The solubility of nitroglycerine decreases as water is added to the ethanol. In consequence, when water is poured into an alcoholic solution, nitroglycerine is precipitated step by step. This precipitation becomes very considerable after the alcohol has been diluted from 50 to 25% concentration. 

To characterize the solubility of nitroglycerine in ethyl alcohol the data quoted by Naoum [22] are given below, in Table 7. 

In polyhydroxy alcohols nitroglycerine is still less soluble. The best of these solvents is ethylene glycol. Thus 100 g of ethylene glycol dissolve 12 and 20 g of nitroglycerine at 20 and B0°C respectively. The solubility of nitroglycerine in glycerol is very low. 

For analytical purposes, attention must be paid to the solubility of nitroglycerine in acetic add and in carbon disulphide, since these solvents can be used to separate nitroglycerine from aromatic nitro compounds. Thus nitroglycerine dissolves readily in 65% acetic add which does not dissolve nitro compounds. In carbon disulphide, nitroglycerine dissolves with difficulty. At room temperature, 100 ml of this solvent dissolve about 1.25 g nitroglycerine. Nitro compounds, on the other hand, are readily dissolved in carbon disulphide. 

Both in the cold and in the warm nitroglycerine is slightly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example petrol, ligroine, kerosene, paraffin oil, lubricating oils, vaseline oil (Table 8). 

Solubility of nitroglycerine in aliphatic hydrocarbons (after NaoOm [22])... 

From the manufacturing point of view the solubility of nitroglycerine in sulphuric acid, nitric acid and in their mixtures is most important, hence great attention has been paid to this question. 

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