Nitrogen oxides turbines

PGM catalyst technology can also be appHed to the control of emissions from stationary internal combustion engines and gas turbines. Catalysts have been designed to treat carbon monoxide, unbumed hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust, which arise as a result of incomplete combustion. To reduce or prevent the formation of NO in the first place, catalytic combustion technology based on platinum or palladium has been developed, which is particularly suitable for appHcation in gas turbines. Environmental legislation enacted in many parts of the world has promoted, and is expected to continue to promote, the use of PGMs in these appHcations. 

Methanol contains no sulfur and produces very little nitrogen oxide pollutants when burned, making it a very clean combustion fuel. At a power generating facility, it could be used as a supplemental fuel for gas turbines to meet peak electricity generation requirements, or it could be sold over the fence to commercial fuel and chemical companies. A commercial-scale power facility might generate 200 to 350 MW of electricity, while also producing 150 to 1000 tons per day of methanol. 

In order to decrease the nitrogen oxide (NO ) content in the flue gas, two methods can be applied. The first method is the injection of water into the gas turbine combustor. The second method is to selectively reduce the nitrogen oxide content by injecting ammonia gas in the presence of de-NOx catalyst that is packed in a proper position of the heat recovery steam generator. The latter is more effective than the former to lower nitrogen oxide emissions into the air. 

Sulfur compounds pose a dual problem. Not only do their combustion products contribute to atmospheric pollution, but these products are also so corrosive that they cause severe problems in the operation of gas turbines and industrial power plants. Sulfur pollution and corrosion were recognized as problems long before the nitrogen oxides were known to affect the atmosphere. For a time, the general availability of low-sulfur fuels somewhat diminished the general concern... 

The conversion from ammonia to nitrogen oxides in the gas turbine was dependent on the concentration of the ammonia. At higher ammonia levels the conversion ratio was lower. The conversion ratio was 60-70% for the standard fuel mixture of bark and... 

Catalytic combustion is an environmentally-driven, materials-limited technology with the potential to lower nitrogen oxide emissions from natural gas fired turbines consistently to levels well below 10 ppm. Catalytic combustion also has the potential to lower flammability at the lean limit and achieve stable combustion under conditions where lean premixed homogeneous combustion is not possible. Materials limitations [1,2] have impeded the development of commercially successful combustion catalysts, because no catalytic materials can tolerate for long the nearly adiabatic temperatures needed for gas turbine engines and most industrial heating applications. 

MW of power. Utilization of DME for power generation offers tremendous environmental benefits, in terms of CO SO and NO emissions. It burns in conventional gas turbines without modifications to the turbine or the combustors. Emissions produced by combustion of conventional fuels in gas turbines include nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and sulfur oxides. Dimethyl ether produces no sulfur oxide emission, as the fuel is sulfur free. It generates the least amount of NO CO, and unburned hydrocarbons as compared with natural gas and distillate, and lower CO2 emissions than the distillates. 

Methanol is a clean-burning liquid that can be used to power electricitygenerating turbines or as a fuel for automobiles and other vehicles. It can also be a feedstock for a variety of chemicals 14). Though most methanol is produced from natural gas, it can be produced from syngas derived from other feedstocks. Methanol contains no sulfur and produces very little nitrogen oxide pollutants when burned, making it one of the cleanest combustion fuels. 

Catalytic combustion is a process in which a combustible compound and oxygen react on the surface of a catalyst, leading to complete oxidation of the compound. This process takes place without a flame and at much lower temperatures than those associated with conventional flame combustion [1, 2], Due partly to the lower operating temperature, catalytic combustion produces lower emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOv) than conventional combustion. Catalytic combustion is now widely used to remove pollutants from exhaust gases, and there is growing interest in applications in power generation, particularly in gas turbine combustors. 

Determination of sulfur dioxide removal efficiency and particulate, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides emission rates Determination of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and diluent emissions from stationary gas turbines Determination of volatile organic compound leaks... 

Natural gas provides an attractive source of energy for various purposes. For instance, it is used to fire gas turbine combustion chambers [1] and more recently has been reported as an alternative fuel for automotive applications [2]. The main advantages are lower levels of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in lean bum combustion [3]. The high H/C ratio reduces the net carbon dioxide emissions, when compared to other fossil fuels. 

On the debit side, the increased operating temperatures could lead to higher nitrogen oxide emissions (see Section 3.2.2.4). Moreover, hydrogen does not lead to any reduction in noise, which is a major drawback to the use of turbines in populated areas. Hydrogen offers a further advantage over petrochemical fuels in that no sulfur pollutants result from its combustion. 

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