Nitrogen oxide preparations

A suspension of dibenzhydroxamic acid in methylene dichloride treated with a stream of nitrogen oxides (prepared from Na-nitrite and HNO3 according to W. E. Bachmann and R. A. Hoffman, Organic Reactions 2, 249 (1944)) until the solid just dissolves avoiding an excess of nitrous fumes benzoic anhydride. Y 88.5%. L.A. Carpino, Am. Soc. 82, 2725 (1960). 

Ethyl a-naphthylacetate is prepared as follows. To a solution of 10 g. of the diazo ketone in 150 ml. of ethanol at 55-60°, add a small amount of aslurry of silver oxide, prepared from 10 ml. of 10 per cent, aqueous silver nitrate and stirred with 25 ml. of ethanol. As soon as the evolution of nitrogen subsides, introduce more of the silver oxide and continue the process until all the slurry has been added. Reflux the mixture for 15 minutes, add 2-3 g. of decolourising carbon, filter and evaporate the alcohol on a water bath. Distil the residue and collect the ethyl a-naph-thylacetate at 176-178°/ 1 mm. the yield is 9 g. 

Nitrosyl chloride (178), nitrosyl chloride—hydrogen fluoride (NOF -3HF, NOF -6HF) (179), nitrous acid—hydrogen fluoride solutions (180,181), or nitrogen trioxide (prepared in situ from nitric oxide and oxygen) (27) can be used in place of sodium nitrite in the dia2oti2ation step. 

Cu(N03 )26H2 0, is produced by crystallization from solutions below the transition poiat of 26.4°C. A basic copper nitrate [12158-75-7] Cu2(N02)(0H)2, rather than the anhydrous product is produced on dehydration of the hydrated salts. The most common commercial forms for copper nitrate ate the ttihydtate and solutions containing about 14% copper. Copper nitrate can be prepared by dissolution of the carbonate, hydroxide, or oxides ia nitric acid. Nitric acid vigorously attacks copper metal to give the nitrate and evolution of nitrogen oxides. 

Nitrosyl chloride [55], nitrosyl fluoride-hydrogen fluoride liquid complexes (NOF3HF, NOF 6HF) [56], nitrous acid-hydrogen fluoride solutions [57, 5 ] nitrogen trioxide (prepared in situ from nitric oxide and oxygen) [59] and rert-butyl nitrite-hydrogen fluoride-pyndine [60] have been substituted for sodium nitrite in the diazotization step... 

The sulfur-nitrogen oxide S3N2O (thiodithiazyl oxide) is a red liquid. It was first prepared in 1975 by the reaction of (McaSnSaNa) with SOp2, but it is more conveniently prepared from [S3N2C1]C1 (Eq. 9.14). ... 

Nitrogen oxide (or nitrogen monoxide), NO (oxidation number +2), is commonly called nitric oxide. It is a colorless gas prepared industrially by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia ... 

In the laboratory, nitrogen oxide can be prepared by reducing a nitrite with a mild reducing agent such as I ... 

Direct preparation of the gas is potentially hazardous, and explosive decomposition of the impure gas in the condensed state (below -20°C) has occurred. A safe procedure involving isolation of the 1 1 adduct with 9,10-dimethylanthracene is preferred. The impure gas contains nitrogen oxide and it is known that nitrosyl cyanide will react with the latter to form an explosive compound [1], The need to handle this compound of high explosion risk in small quantities, avoiding condensed states, is stressed [2],... 

A procedure for preparation of sodium hyponitrite involving reduction of nitrogen oxide by the ketyl, followed by extraction into water [1], had been operated routinely on the small scale. A 41-fold scaled up run exploded and ignited after 200 ml of water had been added as part of the work-up. This was attributed to the presence of an unusually large proportion of coagulated unreacted sodium in the ketyl. Small-scale operation with precautions is urged [2],... 

A convenient preparative method for conjugated nitroalkenes has been developed based on the reaction of nitrogen oxides. Nitric oxide (NO) is commercially available and used in the industry for the mass production of nitric acid. Nitric oxide is currently one of the most studied molecules in the fields of biochemistry, medicine, and environmental science.47 Thus, the reaction of NO with alkenes under aerobic conditions is of a renewed importance.48... 

However, still a limited number of analytes can be sensed. It is very challenging to realize nanosensors for carbon dioxide, ammonia, saccharides, etc. but micrometersized particles can be prepared and used in composite materials. The nanosensors for neurotransmitters, nitrogen oxides and many other important species are yet to be established. 

See Nitrogen oxide Dienes, Oxygen See 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene Preparative hazard f 1-Butene, 1577 f c/.s-2-Butenc, 1578 f tram-2-Butene, 1623... 

Nitric acid was known to alchemists in ancient times. Cavendish in 1784 synthesized the acid by applying an electric spark to humid air. Earlier in 1776, Lavoisier determined that the acid contained oxygen. In 1798, Milner prepared nitric acid from ammonia along with nitrogen oxides by oxidation of ammonia vapor over red-hot manganese dioxide. In 1816, Gay-Lussac and Berthollet established its composition. 

Elaidic acid (m.p., 41-43°), prepared by nitrogen oxides elaidiniza-tion of oleic acid, gave an ethyl ester (m.p., 3-5°C. nD25, 1.4476). 

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