Nitrogen waste disposal

The US Navy has also investigated the use of biodegradation for the disposal of TNT containing rinse w ( pink water ) (Ref 41). Likewise, the combined disposal in stabilization ponds of monomethyl hydrazine, nitrate and nitrite salts and nitrogen tetroxide waste liquors... 

The increasing number of atomic reactors used for power generation has been questioned from several environmental points of view. A modern atomic plant, as shown in Fig. 28-3, appears to be relatively pollution free compared to the more familiar fossil fuel-fired plant, which emits carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, hydrocarbons, and fly ash. However, waste and spent-fuel disposal problems may offset the apparent advantages. These problems (along with steam generator leaks) caused the plant shown in Fig. 28-3 to close permanently in 199T. 

Control of oxides of nitrogen can be accomplished by catalysts or ab-sorbants, but most control systems have concentrated on changing the combustion process to reduce the formation of NOj. Improved burners, change in burner location, staged combustion, and low-temperature combustion utilizing fluidized-bed systems are all currently in use. These combustion improvement systems do not generate waste products, so no disposal problems exist. 

Liver takes carbon and nitrogen waste from muscle (alanine), disposes of the nitrogen, and recycles the carbon into glucose. 

Hydrohalogenation, 10 597 Hydroiodic acid (HI), 14 360, 374. See also Hydrogen iodide Hydroisoquinolines, 21 205, 206 Hydrolases, 3 675-676 Hydrologic cycle, 26 2-3. See also Hydrogeochemical cycle(s) carbon circulation in, 26 27—30 chlorine circulation in, 26 31 nitrogen circulation in, 26 32 sulfur circulation in, 26 30-31 Hydrology, in radioactive waste disposal, 25 856, 857... 

In MSO processing, organic wastes are chemically broken down to carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, and water vapor in a bath of molten salt. The salt may be of various compositions, with variable melting points. Inorganic materials react with the salt mixture, producing ash and salts for subsequent treatment or disposal. The oxidation takes place at lower temperatures than incineration or other combustion technologies. 

An increasing demand is expected for the removal of nitrogen oxides from waste gases from stationary and instationary diesel engines for e.g. emergency plants, ships and trucks. Another application is the combined removal of nitrogen oxides and dioxines from waste gases of refuse disposal plants [2.65],... 

Clearly the oil is a much cleaner fuel than the original coal, from the point of view either of the environmentalist or of the plant engineer concerned with fouling of steam and superheater tubes. The sulfur contents of the oils are 0.1-0.2%, which is acceptable, but the nitrogen contents are about 0.6%, which may cause undesired NOx emissions. Some of the more toxic elements, (mercury, selenium, fluorine, and cadmium) have not yet been determined in oil. It is not clear what will be done with the solid residue whether it will be disposed of as waste or whether its small carbon content, typically 20-50% depending on the... 

---