Nitrogen and hydrocarbons

Volume of effluent gas Small volume because of absence of nitrogen and hydrocarbon combustion products Large volume because of presence of air and fuel combustion products... 

Hydrazones treated with alkalis decompose to nitrogen and hydrocarbons [845, 923] Woljf-Kizhner reduction) (p. 34), and p-toluenesulfonylhydra-zones are reduced to hydrocarbons by lithium aluminum hydride [812], sodium borohydride [785] or sodium cyanoborohydride [813]. Titanium trichloride hy-drogenolyzes the nitrogen-nitrogen bond in phenylhydrazones and forms amines and ketimines which are hydrolyzed to the parent ketones. Thus 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of cycloheptanone afforded cycloheptanone in 90% yield [202]. 

Heikes, B M. Lee, D. Jacob, R. Talbot, J. Bradshaw, H. Singh, D. Blake, B. Anderson, H. Fuelberg, and A. M. Thompson, Ozone, Hydroperoxides, Oxides of Nitrogen, and Hydrocarbon Budgets in the Marine Boundary Layer over the South Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 24221-24234 (1996). 

Radiation absorbed by atoms under conditions used in atomic absorption spectrometry may be re-emitted as fluorescence. The fluorescent radiation is characteristic of the atoms which have absorbed the primary radiation and is emitted 1n all directions. It may be monitored in any direction other than in a direct line with radiation from the hollow-cathode lamp which ensures that tha detector will not respond to the primury absorption process nor to unabsorbed radiation from the lamp. The intensity of fluorescent emission is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing atoms but it is diminished by collisions between excited atoms and other species within the flame, a process known as quenching. Nitrogen and hydrocarbons enhance quenching, and flames incorporating either should be avoided or their effect modified by dilution with argon. 

Several other methods are now employed industrially for the preparation of hydrocyanic acid. Synthesis from the elements is widely used. In this a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen is passed through an electric arc, mixtures of nitrogen and hydrocarbons being sometimes employed, e.g., 20% methane, 10% hydrogen and 70% nitrogen. 

The column will be used for removing methane and nitrogen from a mixture of nitrogen and hydrocarbons ranging from methane to hexane. What specifications could be used to define the column performance once it is built ... 

In the following sections we shall look at the major ingredients of photochemical smog—the oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons, and the secondary pollutant ozone. 

Photochemical oxidants n. Secondary pollutants formed by the action of sunlight on the oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons in the air. They are the primary contributors to photochemical smog. 

Chemistry of Oxides of Nitrogen and Hydrocarbons. The chemistry of the polluted atmosphere is exceedingly complex. Several hundred chemical reactions are known to occur in a mixture of only a single hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and air. The polluted atmosphere contains hundreds of different hydrocarbons, each with its own reactivity and reaction products. The classes of major primary pollutants in the polluted atmosphere are given in Table I. In this section we focus on the chemistry of the oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons. 

Simulated predictions and experimental results showed good consistency for the CMR performance obtained for a reaction coupled with separation by sweeping the hydrogen with nitrogen, but large discrepancy for a reaction coupled with vacuum-driven separation. CMR performance in the former mode is better due to excellent transport selectivity, which was attributed to mutual blocking of counter-diffusion by nitrogen and hydrocarbons. 

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