Nitroethane solubility

Nitroparaffins are used in diesel fuel to increase power output of engines. Nitropropane is completely miscible in diesel fuel, nitroethane solubility is 18 wt%, and nitromethane is only a 2 wt%. Nitromethane is used as a fuel in racing cars and in model engines. A blend of nitromethane and methanol is said to produce increased power output over regular hydrocarbon fuels. 

Nitroparaffins are not explosives as determined by tests approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for shipping classifications. However, nitromethane when sensitized by small amounts of amines can be detonated by a Number 8 blasting cap. Nitromethane is used as a fuel component in ammonium nitrate explosives. Nitroparaffins are used in diesel fuel to increase power output of engines. Nitropropane is completely miscible in diesel fuel, nitroethane solubility is 18 wt%, and nitromethane is only a 2 wt%. Nitromethane is used as a fuel in racing cars and in model engines. A blend of nitromethane and methanol is said to produce increased power output over regular hydrocarbon fuels. 1-Nitropropane is used as a grinding solvent for the production of aluminum powder because of its ability to displace surface moisture on the aluminum and the solvent aids in the dispersion of the aluminum powder. Nitromethane is used as a metal stabilizer for... 

The ease with which dissolution of the acetylated products can be achieved is affected by the method of isolation. In the author s experience, drying of the acetate with alcohol and ether results in apparent insolubility (even though the product was soluble at one stage of the purification process), and should be avoided. Drying, under diminished pressure, of the product precipitated by petroleum ether is sufficient. Chloroform is probably the best solvent. Nitroethane, tetrachlorethane, 2,4-pentanedione, pyridine, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and benzene, which have also been suggested, have disadvantages in that either they are unstable or they may cause aggregation in solution.44,116 116... 

For the preparation of MIPM, the above phenol, 2,5-dimethoxyphenol was isopropylated with isopropyl bromide in methanolic KOH giving 2,5-dimethoxy-l-(i)-propoxybenzene as an oil. This formed the benzaldehyde with the standard Vilsmeier conditions, which melted at 77-78 °C from hexane and which gave a yellow malononitrile derivative melting at 171.5-173 °C. The nitrostyrene, from nitroethane in acetic acid was orange colored and melted at 100-101 °C from either methanol or hexane. This was reduced with lithium aluminum hydride in ether to give 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(i)-propoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (MIPM). The properties of the isolated salt were strange (soluble in acetone but not in water) and the microanalysis was low in the carbon value. The molecular structure had a pleasant appeal to it, with a complete reflection symmetry shown by the atoms of the amphetamine side chain and the isopropoxy side chain. But the nature of the actual product in hand had no appeal at all, and no assay was ever started. 

For the preparation of MBM, the starting phenol was alkylated to 2-(n)-butoxy-1,4-dimethoxybenzene in methanolic KOH with n-butyl bromide. The benzaldehyde melted at 79.5-81 °C from methanol, and formed a malononitrile derivative that had a melting point of 134.5-135 C. The nitrostyrene from the aldehyde and nitroethane in acetic acid crystallized from methanol with a mp of 71 -72 °C. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction in ether gave the ether-insoluble chloroform-soluble product 4-(n)-butoxy-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine hydro-... 

Nitroethane forms a colorless to oily liquid with a pleasant odor. It has a melting point of -50 Celsius, and a boiling point of 115 Celsius. Nitroethane is only very slightly soluble in water, but miscible in alcohol, and ether. It is also soluble in chloroform. Nitroethane forms explosive salts when treated with strong bases. It can be made by reacting ethyl bromide with sodium nitrite. 

In this case, the ortho-position is somewhat hindered due to the methyl substituent at the benzyl carbon, and the selectivity and solubility of A1C13 at low temperature in ethyl chloride is increased by complexation with nitroethane. 

Crystals from pyridine + acetone, methanol + chloroform, toluene + alcohol (1 ) or chloroform + alcohol + water, [a] +4.5 (c = 2 in pyridine). Absorption spectrum Schwarz er at., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Set 69, 118 (1957). Soluble in hot dioxane, l,l-dichloro-l-nitroethane, butanol and acetonitrile + chloroform. 

AI3-00110 CCRIS 3088 EINECS 201-188-9 Ethane, nitro- HSDB 105 NE Nitroetan Nitroethane NSC 8800 UN2842. Intermediate, stabilizer for halogenated solvents, additive in fuels and explosives, solvent for coatings or industrial processes. Liquid mp = -89.5° bp n 114° d = 1.0448 soluble in H2O (4.5 g/100 ml), very soluble in EtOH, moderately soluble in Et20, MezCO, CHCI3. Grace W.R. Co. Spectrum Chem. Manufacturing Whittaker Clark i Daniels. 

Sulfolane (tetramcthylene sulfone) is a relatively good solvent for nitronium salts. NO2 BF has about a 7% solubility [63]. Acetonitrile is also applicable for nitrations with nitronium salts but the nitrile group strongly interacts with NOJ and causes acetonitrile to slowly oligomerize even at room temperature. Thus only freshly prepared solutions should be used at low temperature. Nitromethane, nitroethane, and nitropropane can also... 

Solubilities of the silver halides have been reported in nitroethane by Luehrs and co-workers. The order of solubility follows the same trend as in water and other organic solvents. 

Dimethylol nitroethane dinitrate (2-nitro-2-methylpropanediol-l,3-dinitrate) is a solid with a melting point of 38 °C, low volatility, and easy solubility of cellulose... 

Table 17.3 compares the solvency of a 60 vol% nitroethane and 40 vol% toluene blend for a nitrile-butyl rubber as compared to the solvents cyclohexanone and N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone. A Lotus 123 spreadsheet, DECITREE.WKl, was used to generate Table 17.3. This spreadsheet is included on the computer disk accompanying this book. The spreadsheet allows one to compare the solubility parameters of solvents with a selected resin. The values for the selected resin are supplied by the user while the solvent data is available from the lookup tables. The typical R values are calculated and the location of...

In carrying out the procedure, it is convenient to select the first trials about 1/2 and 2/3 of the way down the column for example, in the poorly hydrogen bonded group, toluene and nitroethane would be chosen. If the polymer is soluble in both, there is no need to try intermediate solvents because experience has shown that the polymer will be soluble in every case. The solvents at the end of the spectrum should be tried next. If the polymer is soluble in one but not both of the initial trials, the third trial should be half-way between the two. By successive choices, sets of two adjacent solvents will be found, one of which dissolves the polymer and one that does not. The parameter values of the solvents which do dissolve the polymer mark the ends of the range. The procedure is repeated for the other two hydrogen bonding classes. 

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