Nitrocellulose triple-base

Rocket Propellants. SoHd rocket propellants are mostly based on chemically cross-linked polymeric elastomers to provide the mechanical properties required in launchings and the environmental conditions experienced in storage, shipment, and handling (see Elastomers, synthetic). Double-and triple-based nitrocellulose propellants are also employed as rocket propellants. 

Triple base propellant. A propellant containing nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose and Picrite. 

Triple-based propellants are mixtures of nitroguanidine, nitrocellulose, and nitroglycerine. The mixture reduces the muzzle flash observed with double-based propellants, reduces the burn temperature, which protects the gun barrel, and increases the gas volume. Triple-based propellants are used in tank guns, large caliber guns, and some naval weapons. 

Single base" smokeless powder, developed mainly in the United States, uses only nitrocellulose. "Double base" smokeless powder, developed in Europe, is a blend of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. "Cordite," a British development, consists of 65% NC, 30% NG, and 5% mineral jelly. The mineral jelly (a hydrocarbon material) functions as a coolant and produces substantial amounts of CO 2, CO, and H 2O gas to improve the propellant characteristics. "Triple base" smokeless powder, containing nitroguanidine as a third component with nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose is also manufactured. 

Triple base A smokeless powder that contains nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and nitroguanidine. 

Nitrocellulose-Base Solid Propellants, Including Single-Base, Double-Base and Triple-Base Propellants (1371—1405) Composite Propellants (1405—07)... 

Propellants that contain nitrocellulose as the only oxidizer are referred to as single base and propellants that contain both nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine (or some other explosive plasticizer) as double base. Triple-based propellants are produced when substantial quantities of an organic, energy-producing, crystalline compound such as nitroguanidine are incorporated in double-based propellants. Triple-based propellants are unlikely to be encountered in small arms ammunition. 

A-E = single base powder A nitrocellulose powder D DNT added F-M = double base powders F = nitrocellulose nitroglycerine G = nitrocellulose-diglycol dinitrate K = ball powder N-P = triple base powders V-W = porous powders (german) TMEMT = trimethylenetrinitrosamine 71... 

The propellant which has exclusively been used for a long time in conventional military weapons is the smokeless (or, more accurately, low-smoke) powder. According to its composition, it can be classified as single-base powders (e.g., nitrocellulose powder), doublebase powders (e.g., nitroglycerine powder) and triple-base powders (e.g., nitrocellulose + nitroglycerine (or diglycol dinitrate) + nitroguanidine powders). 

If the use of solvents is required in the production process of double and triple base propellants, the nitroglycerine can be introduced in the mixtures in the form of a master mix , a gelatinized mixture consisting of 85% nitroglycerine and 15% alcohol-wet nitrocellulose of the same type as the prescribed powder component. 

Depending on the acid concentration used, NC is formed with different degrees of nitration (e.g. 11.5 14.0%). In addition to the nitrocellulose based, double- and triple-base propellants contain further substances such as nitroglycerine and nitro-guanidine. 

Double-base propellant—propellant containing two active ingredients, specifically nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine there are single-base and triple-base propellants. 

Triple-base propellant containing nitrotriglycol (TAGEN) with components (mass fraction %) nitrocellulose 65.5%, TAGEN 11%, nitroglycerine 21%, Centralite, etc. 

Because of the low temperature of explosion, about 2,098°C, nitroguanidine is used in triple-base propellants that are practically flashless and less erosive than nitrocellulose-nitroglycerin propellant of comparable force. When used by the Germans in World War II in antiaircraft guns, a nitroguanidine propellant increased the barrel life from 1,700 firings to about 15,000 firings. 

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