Nitrobenzene INDEX

Figure 12.3 Capacity of the interface between a solution of NaBr in water and TBAs/TPB in nitrobenzene. The upper points are for 0.1 M solutions, the lower for 10 2 M in both phases. The two curves have been calculated from the Gouy-Chapman theory. The sign convention for the potential is A = (py, — (po + const., where the index w stands for the aqueous and o for the organic phase. Data taken from Ref. 1.

The precursors of the carbazoles are the anthrimides, in particular the 1,1 -dianthraquinonylamines (l,T-dianthrimides). These intermediates were originally used as vat dyes themselves, but very few give bright colours and the vatting process also brings about reduction to 1-aminoanthraquinone. Only one dianthrimide is currently active in the Colour Index [11] this grey vat dye is Cl Vat Black 28 (6.83). l,l -Dianthrimides are easily prepared by heating a 1-aminoanthraquinone with a 1-chloroanthraquinone in nitrobenzene or another solvent in the presence of sodium carbonate and a copper catalyst. 

The most important route to 1-acylaminoanthraquinones involves reaction of 1-aminoanthraquinone with acid chlorides in an organic solvent. Reaction of 1-aminoanthraquinone with benzoylchloride in nitrobenzene at 100 to 150°C affords 1-benzoylaminoanthraquinone, a yellow pigment which is registered as Colour Index Constitution No. 60515. The reaction may also be performed in the presence of a tertiary amine, which acts as a proton acceptor ... 

VISCOSITIES, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES, REFRACTIVE INDEXES AND DENSITIES OF BINARY IIQUID SYSTEMS OF SULPHURIC ACID WITH NITROMETHANE, NITROBENZENE AND o-, m- AND //-NITROTOLUENE... 

Abstract—The viscosities, electrical conductivities, densities and refractive indexes of the binary systems of sulphuric acid with nitromethane, nitrobenzene and o-, m- and p-nitrotoluene have been investigated at 25° and 40°C. It has been shown that the forma tion of addition compounds according to the equation ... 

The investigation of viscosities, electrical conductivities, refractive indexes and densities of binary liquid systems of sulphuric acid with nitromethane, nitrobenzene and 0-, m and p-nitrotoluene was made in order to obtain a clearer picture of the behaviour of these binary mixtures, regarding the stability of the addition compounds formed between the components. The application of these methods of physicochemical analysis to a number of binary systems with sulphuric acid [1, 2, 3] has enabled us to get some idea of the way in which the formation and stability of addition compounds affects the liquid phase properties of these systems. The binary systems of sulphuric acid with mononitrocompounds are particularly suitable for comparison with each other, because of the close similarity of the liquid media in these systems, due to comparable values of dielectric constants and liquid phase properties of the mononitrocompounds. The stability of the addition compounds in these systems in the crystalline phase [4] has... 

Table 11. Refractive Indexes of the System Nitrobenzene-Sulphuric Acid...

Refractive indexes of these systems are given in Fig. 3 and in Tables 10-13, They all show positive deviations from additivity in volume fractions of the components, which increase in the order nitrobenzene < m-nitroi oluene < o-nitrotoluene. This confirms that the addition compounds formed by these aromatic nitrocompounds with sulphuric acid are more and more stable in this order, which is the order of increasing basicities. Rathex unexpectedly, however, the system with nitromethane shows high positive deviations from additivity, which equal those in the system with. o-nitrotoluene, This fact might be due to the small dimensions of the nitromethane molecules, which are therefore Jess likely to cause the disruption of the structure of sulphuric acid and thus U lower the Tefractive indexes of the mixtures, than the larger molecules of the aromatic nitrocompounds. 

Maricich, T. J. et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 7771, 7776 Benzene-, p-nitrobenzene-, and p-toluene-sulfinyl azides are thermally unstable, decomposing explosively when warmed alone or as cone, solutions. They may be prepared safely and handled as solutions at —20°C or below. The isolated solids may be stored at —80°C, but benzenesulfinyl azide explodes at 11°C, and p-toluenesul-finyl azide at 8°C. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

Nitrobenzene-azo-chromotropic add (0-005 %). Dissolve 5 mg 4-(4-nitro-phenylazo)-chromotropic acid, sodium salt (Chromotrope 2B, Colour Index 16575) in 100 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid. 

The compound consists of colorless crystals which melt at 35.7°. A supercooled melt shows a refractive index = 1.5313. The compound is very sensitive toward hydrolysis. It is readily soluble in benzene, nitrobenzene, and tetrachloroethane. 

Imidodisulfuric acid chloride forms colorless crystals which hydrolyze very rapidly in moist air they melt at 37°, boil at 115°/4 mm. and at 55°/0.03 mm., and have a refractive index ny> = 1.4948. The compound is readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene or nitrobenzene. Hydrolysis in alkaline medium leads to imidodisulfate in acidic medium, sulfamic acid and sulfuric acid are formed. 

Another guiding principle to the CA index is that of inversion, whereby the subject is usually the chemical substance of which the compound is a derivative. For instance, "trinitrobenzene is indexed as "Benzene, 1,3,5-trinitro- and not as "Trinitrobenzene, though there may be a reference such as "Nitrobenzene, see Benzene, nitro-. ... 

Other Names Benzoic acid, p-nitro-, hydrazide (p-Nitrobenzoyl)hydrazine 4-Nitrobenzen-ecarboxylic acid hydrazide 4-Nitrobenzhydrazide 4-Nitrobenzohydrazide 4-Nitrobenzoic acid hydrazide 4-Nitrobenzoic hydrazide 4-Nitrobenzoyl hydrazide 4-Nitrobenzoylhydrazine INHd 18 NSC 9804 p-Nitrobenzhydrazide p-Nitrobenzohydrazide p-Nitrobenzoic acid hydrazide p-Nitrobenzoic hydrazide p-Nitrobenzoyl hydrazide CA Index Name Benzoic acid, 4-nitro-, hydrazide CAS Registry Number 636-97-5 Merck Index Number Not hsted Chemical Structure... 

Other Names Pyrocatechol, 4-nitro- 1,2-Dihydroxy -nitrobenzene 3,4-Dihydroxy-1-nitrobenzene 3,4-Dihydroxynitrobenzene 4-Nitro-l,2-benzenediol 4-Nitro-l,2-dihydroxybenzene 4-Nitrobenzcatechin 4-Nitrocatechol 4-Nitropyrocatechol NSC 80651 p-Nitrocatechol CA Index Name 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-nitro-CAS Registry Number 3316-09-4 Merck Index Number Not listed Chemical Structure... 

Other Names Phenol, m-nitro- l-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene 3-Hydroxynitrobenzene 3-Nitro-phenol NSC 1551 m-Hydroxynitrobenzene m-Nitrophenol CA Index Name Phenol, 3-nitro-CAS Registry Number 554-84-7 Merck Index Number 6619 Chemical Structure... 

OtherNames Phenol,p-nitro- l-Hydroxy-4-nitrobenzene 4-Hydroxy-l-nitrobenzene 4-Hydroxyni-trobenzene 4-Nitrophenol NSC 1317 Niphen p-Hydroxynitrobenzene p-Nitrophenol CA Index Name Phenol, 4-nitro-CAS Registry Number 100-02-7 Merck Index Number 6621 Chemical Structure... 

Most refractometers are designed so that circulating water at a constant temperature can maintain the prisms at 20°C. If this temperature-control system is not used or if the water is not at 20°C, a temperature correction must be made. Although the magnitude of the temperature correction may vary from one class of compound to another, a value of 0.00045 per degree Celsius is a useful approximation for most substances. The index of refraction of a substance decreases with increasing temperature. Therefore, add the correction to the observed n value for temperatures higher than 20°C and subtract it for temperatures lower than 20°C. For example, the reported value for nitrobenzene is 1.5529. One would observe a value at 25°C of 1.5506. The temperature correction would be made as follows ... 

The refractive index (at the sodium D-line, 589 nm), n, the range of which for the solvents listed is fairly narrow, from 1.3265 for methanol to 1.550 for nitrobenzene, is also listed in Table 3.5. From the refractive index is derived the molar refraction by means of the Lorenz-Lorentz expressions ... 

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