Nitro Liquid Explosive Mixtures

It has developed a series of liquid explosives with multispecies since first synthesis. According to their reaction characteristics, liquid explosives are classified into single compound liquid explosives and liquid explosive mixture. Single compound liquid explosives, such as nitrate esters, nitro alkanes, azide esters, azide alkanes, and azide nitro alcohol, consist of a single explosive liquid compound. Without any other additions, a single compound liquid explosive can be directly initiated by a detonator or flame. Its explosion strength is, sometimes, over TNT energy. 

The combustible agents of liquid explosive mixture include hydrocarbons, nitro compounds, hydrazine, and aluminum. The combustible agents used in condensed composite explosives can be used as combustible agents of liquid explosives. 

In summary, liquid explosive mixtures include the ahphatic nitro compounds, nitric acid and nitrate series, the perchloric acid hydrazine series, the hydrogen peroxide series and the N2O4 series. Besides, two-component hquid explosives and emulsion liquid explosives were also reported. Consequently, the rapid development on liquid explosive mixtures has led to many different explosive types that found broad applications in various areas. For instance, hquid explosives can be used as ordinary chemical raw materials, employed in mining and underwater blasting operations, or serve as temporary filhngs for firearms. Naturally, they are deemed as emergency explosives suitable for both civihan and mihtary applications. In this chapter, we will thoroughly discuss the properties and preparative methods of hquid explosive mixtures. 

Bratin, K., P. T. Kissinger, R. Briner, and C. Bruntlett. Determination of nitro aromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosive compounds in explosives mixtures and gunshot residue by liquid-chromatography and reductive electrochemical detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 130, 295-311 (1981). 

Liquid explosives came into extensive use during World War I when nitro compounds and ammonium nitrate became scarce panclastites were most commonly used for military purposes and oxyliquits in the mining industry. During the World War II the Germans employed liquid mixtures for jet propulsion including a newcomer in this field—a mixture of concentrated (80-85%) hydrogen peroxide with hydrazine for the propulsion of V2 rockets. 

K. Bratin, P. T. Kissinger, R. C. Briner, and C. S. Bruntlett, Determination of Nitro Aromatic, Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosive Compounds in Explosive Mixtures and Gunshot Residue by Liquid Chromatography and Reductive Electrochemical Detection, Analytica Chimica Acta 130, no. 2 (1981) 295. 

The explosive power of trinitroethylbenzene is rather low, so the compound itself is of no value. However, it is one of the chief components of liquid nitro-solvent-naphtha, and is sometimes used as an ingredient in the preparation of explosive mixtures. 

Explosive Mixtures, Detonability of. A study of detonability of liquid binary and ternary mixts of NMe(Nitro methane), hydrazine and methanol showed that hydrazine strongly sensitizes NMe and NMe-methanoI mixts to de-... 

Mixtures of hydrazine and other compounds form liquid explosives which have been described. A study of the detonability of binary and ternary mixtures of nitro me thane—hydrazine—methanol showed that N2H4 sensitizes nitromethane and nitromethane-methanol mixtures to detonation (Ref 29). From 2-10% N2H4 and 90-98% lower molecular weight nitroparaffins are claimed to be a water insoluble liquid explosive (Ref 22). Mixtures of hydrazine, ammonium nitrate and aluminum have been patented as explosive compositions with high air blast effects (Ref 32). 

The probability of forming an explosive mixture of volatile organic liquids with air is much greater than that of producing an explosive solid or liquid. The chief functional groups that render compounds explosive are the peroxide, acetylide, azide, diazonium, nitroso, nitro, and ozonide groups (see Fig. 4). Not all members of these groups are equally sensitive to shock... 

ANILINE, A -PHENYL (122-39-4) Comhustible solid. Dust forms explosive mixture with air. Violent reaction when added to hexachloromelamine, trichloromelamine. Often shipped in liquid form (flash point, liquid 307°F/153°C oc). An organic base. Incompatible with strong acids (forms salts), aldehydes, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, oxidizers. Reacts with nitrogen oxides to form Al-nitrosodiphenylamine and mono- and poly-nitro products. Incompatible with organic anhydrides, acrylates, alcohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, cellulose nitrate, cresols, caprolactam solution, epichlorohydrin, ethylene dichloride, isocyanates, ketones, glycols, nitrates, phenols, vinyl acetate. Exothermic decomposition with maleic anhydride. Increases the explosive sensitivity of nitromethane. Attacks light metals in the presence of moisture. 

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