Nitric oxide from nitrite

Oh BK, Meyerhoff ME. Catalytic generation of nitric oxide from nitrite at the interface of polymeric films doped with lipophilic Cu(II)-complex a potential route to the preparation of thromboresistant coatings. Biomaterials 2004, 25, 283-293. 

Review of Ascorbic Acid Mechanisms of Action. Ascorbic acid and AP have antioxidant activity in fats, oils, vitamin A, and carotenoids. In these systems AP is a better antioxidant than are the phenolic antioxidants BHT and BHA, both from these data and others (29,35). Ascorbic acid protects against oxidation of flavor compounds in wine, beer, fruits, artichokes, and cauliflower (29) presumably by oxygen scavenging. The well-known formation of nitric oxide from nitrites by ascorbic acid is used not only for inhibition of nitrosamine fortnation, but also to promote... 

O.C. Zafiriou, M. McFarland (1981). Nitric oxide from nitrite photolysis in the Central Equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 86,3173-3182. 

Preparation of nitric oxide from nitrites and sulfuric acid 50d 50% Sulfuric acid is dropped into a solution of potassium nitrite (30 g) and potassium iodide (15 g) in water (100 ml). The gas evolved is washed consecutively with 4N-potassium hydroxide solution and 90% sulfuric acid. Water is removed from the gas by freezing with Dry Ice, then the gas is condensed by liquid air and fractionally distilled. 

Cyclic GMP is made from GTP by the enzyme gua-nylyl cyclase, which exists in soluble and membrane-bound forms. Each of these isozymes has unique physiologic properties. The atriopeptins, a family of peptides produced in cardiac atrial tissues, cause natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and inhibition of aldosterone secretion. These peptides (eg, atrial natriuretic factor) bind to and activate the membrane-bound form of guanylyl cyclase. This results in an increase of cGMP by as much as 50-fold in some cases, and this is thought to mediate the effects mentioned above. Other evidence links cGMP to vasodilation. A series of compounds, including nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nitric oxide, sodium nitrite, and sodium azide, all cause smooth muscle re-... 

Photochemical elimination reactions include all those photoinduced reactions resulting in the loss of one or more fragments from the excited molecule. Loss of carbon monoxide from type I or a-cleavage of carbonyl compounds has been previously considered in Chapter 3. Other types of photoeliminations, to be discussed here, include loss of molecular nitrogen from azo, diazo, and azido compounds, loss of nitric oxide from organic nitrites, and loss of sulfur dioxide and other miscellaneous species. 

Fig. 9.5. The reaction of organic nitrites with thiols (Reaction a), and a general mechanism for the release of nitric oxide from S-nitroso thiols (Reactions b and c) [31]...

Ignarro, L. J., Fukuto, J. M., Griscavage, J. M., Rogers, N. E., and Burns, R. E. (1993). Oxidation of nitric oxide in aqueous solution to nitrite but not nitrate Comparison with enzymatically formed nitric oxide from L-arginine. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 8103-8107. 

Meyer, J. (1981). Comparison of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and nitrite as inhibitors of the nitrogenase from Cbstridium pasteurianum. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 210, 246-256. 

Cytochrome cdj needs three things to reduee nitrite to nitric oxide, substrates nitrite and protons plus eleetrons. The first two are simply supplied from the environment but where do the eleetrons eome from Cytochrome cdi derives its electrons from the eleetron transport system in the cytoplasmic membranes of baeteria. Thus, for example, eleetrons ean originate from NADH and pass via NADH dehydrogenase, ubiquinone/ubiquinol and the cytochrome bc eomplex to nitrite reduetase (Berks et al., 1995 Zumft, 1997). It is known that the eytoehrome bc eomplex is used beeause electron transfer from physiologieal donors, e.g. NADH, to nitrite reduetase is blocked by specific inhibitors, e.g. myxothiazol, of this complex. An important issue arises when we eonsider how electrons are transferred from the cytochrome fccj complex to eytoehrome cd, which, recall, is a water-soluble protein located in the periplasm. The structure of the cytochrome be I complex (determined for the mitoehondrial protein but we can assume that the bacterial counterparts are similarly organised) shows that the... 

Hooper AB, Terry KR (1979) Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase of Nitrosomonas. Production of nitric oxide from hydroxylamine. Biochim Biophys Acta 571 12-20 Hooper AB, Terry KR, Maxwell PC (1977) Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase of Nitrosomonas. Oxidation of diethyldithiocarbamate concomitant with stimulation of nitrite synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 462 141-152... 

Nitroprusside and organic nitrites (eg, amyl nitrite) and nitrates (eg, isosorbide dinitrate) contain NO groups that can be released as nitric oxide. Arginine is the normal source of endogenous nitric oxide. Histamine stimulates the production of nitric oxide from arginine. The answer is (C). 

Nitrosyl chloride (178), nitrosyl chloride—hydrogen fluoride (NOF -3HF, NOF -6HF) (179), nitrous acid—hydrogen fluoride solutions (180,181), or nitrogen trioxide (prepared in situ from nitric oxide and oxygen) (27) can be used in place of sodium nitrite in the dia2oti2ation step. 

There are explosion hazards with phthahc anhydride, both as a dust or vapor in air and as a reactant. Table 11 presents explosion hazards resulting from phthahc anhydride dust or vapor (40,41). Preventative safeguards in handling sohd phthahc anhydride have been reported (15). Water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam may be used to extinguish the burning anhydride. Mixtures of phthahc anhydride with copper oxide, sodium nitrite, or nitric acid plus sulfuric acid above 80°C explode or react violently (39). 

Nitrosyl chloride [55], nitrosyl fluoride-hydrogen fluoride liquid complexes (NOF3HF, NOF 6HF) [56], nitrous acid-hydrogen fluoride solutions [57, 5 ] nitrogen trioxide (prepared in situ from nitric oxide and oxygen) [59] and rert-butyl nitrite-hydrogen fluoride-pyndine [60] have been substituted for sodium nitrite in the diazotization step... 

Nitric oxide is the simplest thermally stable odd-electron molecule known and, accordingly, its electronic structure and reaction chemistry have been very extensively studied. The compound is an intermediate in the production of nitric acid and is prepared industrially by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (p. 466). On the laboratory scale it can be synthesized from aqueous solution by the mild reduction of acidified nitrites with iodide or ferrocyanide or by the disproportionation of nitrous acid in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid ... 

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