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Nicotine addiction smoking

Benowitz NL Pharmacology of nicotine Addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2008 Oct. 3 [Epub ahead of print],... [Pg.94]

Covey LS, Classman AH A meta-analysis of double-blind placebo controlled trials of clonidine for smoking cessation. Br J Addict 86 991—998, 1991 Covey LS, Classman AH, Stetner F Naltrexone effects on short-term and long-term smoking cessation.] Addict Dis 18 31 0, 1999 Covey LS, Sullivan MA, Johnston A, et al Advances in non-nicotine pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Drugs 39 17-31, 2000 Dani JA, De Biasi M Cellular mechanisms of nicotine addiction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 70 439 46, 2001... [Pg.335]

US Dept. Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking Nicotine Addiction. A Report of the Surgeon General. DHSS Publ. No. (CDC) 88-8406. Washington, DC Govt. Print. Off., 1988. [Pg.301]

Nicotine addiction is very complex and pharmacological evidence alongside structure and function analysis of candidate genes may clarify the mechanisms involved. The challenge will be to translate known genetic variation into therapeutic strategies to reduce the prevalence of smoking in the population. [Pg.452]

Nicotine is responsible for the highly addictive properties of tobacco products. Addiction occurs in 30% of those who experiment with tobacco products, and more than 80% of those who attempt to quit smoking will relapse within a year. Withdrawal from nicotine produces a syndrome characterized by nicotine craving as well as dysphoria, anxiety, irritability, restlessness and increased appetite. It is treated with nicotine replacement therapies, such as nicotine gum and patches, and/or with buproprion, a drug that is classified as an antidepressant but has multiple and complex effects in brain. Buproprion reduces craving in some smokers. Nicotine addiction has been reviewed recently at cellular and systems levels [38-41]. [Pg.921]

Carmody TP. (1989). Affect regulation, nicotine addiction, and smoking cessation. J Psychoactive Drugs. 21(3) 331-42. [Pg.448]

Targovnik JH. (1989). Nicotine, corticotropin, and smoking withdrawal symptoms literature review and implications for successful control of nicotine addiction. Clin Ther. 11(6) 846-53. [Pg.465]

Henningfield JE, Benowitz NL, Slade J, Houston TP, Davis RM, Deitchman SD (1998) Reducing the addictiveness of cigarettes. Tob Control 7 281-293 Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Radzius A, Frost S (1999) Nicotine concentrations, smoke pH and whole tobacco aqueous pH of some cigar brands and types popular in the United States. Nicotine Tob... [Pg.80]

Fig. 1 Simplified diagram of sex differences in nicotine addiction. Considering both human smoking conditions and nicotine administration in animals, there are consistent sex differences, specifically during transition from use to dependence and during quit attempts, withdrawal, and relapse. Females take a shorter time to become addicted than males, make fewer attempts to abstain, and have shorter abstinent periods. Finally, females relapse more than males, indicating lower success in quitting... Fig. 1 Simplified diagram of sex differences in nicotine addiction. Considering both human smoking conditions and nicotine administration in animals, there are consistent sex differences, specifically during transition from use to dependence and during quit attempts, withdrawal, and relapse. Females take a shorter time to become addicted than males, make fewer attempts to abstain, and have shorter abstinent periods. Finally, females relapse more than males, indicating lower success in quitting...
Men and women regulate their smoking differently and vary in susceptibility to nicotine addiction. Earlier data from human subjects suggested that male smokers metabolize nicotine more quickly than females (Benowitz and Jacob 1984). [Pg.265]

Baker RR (1990) Chemosensory research. 28 Feb 1990. British American Tobacco. Bates 400854060-400854066. http //tobaccodocuments.org/ness/21044.html Barton HC (2000) Marketing committee. 19 Dec 2000. British American Tobacco. Bates 325051442-1444. http //legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dbk50a99/pdf Bates C, Jarvis M, Connolly G (1999) Tobacco additives cigarette engineering and nicotine addiction. Action on Smoking and Health, London, http //tobaccodocuments.org/ahf/ CgHmNON19990714.Rs.html... [Pg.478]

US Department of Health and Human Services (1988) The health consequences of smoking Nicotine addiction, a report of the Surgeon General, Office of the Surgeon General, USDHHS, Rockville, MD... [Pg.510]

Royal College of Physicians. (2000) Nicotine addiction in Britain a report of the tobacco advisory group of the Royal College of Physicians. Royal CoUege of Physicians of London, London Russell MAH (1971) Cigarette smoking natural history of a dependence disorder. Br J Psychol 44 1-16... [Pg.532]

Nicotine risks Nicotine from any source can be toxic and addictive. Smoking causes lung disease, cancer, and heart disease, and may adversely affect pregnant women or the fetus. [Pg.1333]

Nicotine is available for nicotine addicted subjects as gums, dermal patches, lozenges and nasal sprays to help people quit smoking. All these formulations appear to be equally efficacious, approximately doubling the quit rate compared with placebo. However the abstinence rate at one year is often still not higher than 5%. Administration as a... [Pg.484]

Lee EW and D Alonzo GE. Cigarette smoking, nicotine addiction and its pharmacological treatment. Arch Intern Med 1993 153 34-48. [Pg.147]

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