Nicotiana glauca

Figure 2.3 (a) Skeletal defects and (b) cleft palate induced in a newborn goat by maternal ingestion of coniine (Conium maculatum), anabasine Nicotiana glauca) or ammoden-drine Lupinus formosus). 

Figure 2.4 Piperidine teratogens (a) anabasine from Nicotiana glauca, and (b) ammodendrine from Lupinus formosus.

Nicotiana glauca and anabasine as a preferred test plant/alkaloid... 

Keeler, R.F. and Crowe, M.W. (1984). Teratogenicity and toxicity of wild tree tobacco, Nicotiana glauca in sheep, Cornell Vet., 74, 50-59. 

Banter, K.E. and Keeler, R.F. (1992). Induction of cleft palate in goats by Nicotiana glauca during a narrow gestational period and the relation to reduction in fetal movement, J. Nat. Toxins, 1, 25-32. 

Banter, K.E., Weinzweig, J., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L. and James, L.F. (2000b). Comparison of cleft palate induction by Nicotiana glauca in goats and sheep. Teratology, 61, 203-210. 

Anabasine class Mar. Paranemertes peregrine Coe, Nemert. Kem 1971 Land Nicotiana glauca Graham, Soianaceae, Ang. MI. 

Nicotiana glauca Graham and Nicotiana rustica L., Solanaceae, Ang. 

Nicotiana glauca x N. langsdorffii (tobacco) (Solanaceae) TobTID91 (gene), TRP (tumour-related protein) (- 20 kDa 5 Cys) STI homologue (plant tumour-related Kunitz homologue) [386, 387]... 

Lysine.—Lysine is a common precursor of piperidine alkaloids. Of the two enantiomers of this amino-acid, the L-isomer is the more direct precursor, in plants, for piperidine alkaloids, e.g. anabasine, whereas D-lysine is more directly implicated in the biosynthesis of pipecolic acid (24)1,2,23 (cf Vol. 7, p. 7). It has now been shown that a pathway exists in the plant Nicotiana glauca,24 and also in the micro-organism Neurospora crassa2S which transforms D-lysine into L-lysine by way of L-pipecolic acid (24). 

Farquhar, G.D., Schulze, E.-D., and Ktippers, M. 1980. Responses to humidity by stomata of Nicotiana glauca L. and Corylus avellana L. are consistent with the optimization of carbon dioxide uptake with respect to water loss. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 7 315-327. 

The well-known piperidine alkaloid anabasine, found in Anabasis aphylla L. (Chenopodiaceae) and Nicotiana glauca Graeb. (Solanaceae), is thought to be synthesized in plants through dimerization of A1-piperideine (followed by oxidation).243 A terpyridine nicotelline (173) was found in tobacco leaf,244andits structure was proved by synthesis.245... 

Pecker, L.R, Hillebrandt, S., Rfigenhagen, C., Herminghaus, S., Landsmann, J. and Berlin, J. (1992) Metabolic effects of a bacterial lysine decarboxylase gene expressed in hairy root culture of Nicotiana glauca. Biotech. Lett., 14, 1035-40. 

Derivation (1) Extraction from Anabasis aphylla and Nicotiana glauca, (2) synthetic. 

Nicotine.—Following on earlier work, the metabolism of nicotine (52) in Nicotiana glauca has been studied with particular emphasis on the mechanism of the conversion of nicotine into nornicotine (53). A mixture of (- )-[2 - H]nicotine... 

Although nicotine is the principal alkaloid in commercial tobaccos (Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rusticd), norni-cotine is the main alkaloid in most other species of Nicotiana. Anabasine is the third most abundant tobacco alkaloid. Anabasine is found in the stem of the Nicotiana glauca plant. Anatabine has been reported as a minor alkaloid in the roots of these plants, although it is present also in the leaf and stem... 

Leete, E. and M.R. Chedekel Metabolism of nicotine in Nicotiana glauca Phytochemistry 13 (1974)... 

Chamberlain, W.J. Polar lipid materials in cigarette smoke condensate Tob. Sci. 20 (1976) 168-170. Chedekel, M.R. 1. Aberrant biosynthetic studies in Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana glauca. 11. Synthetic studies of the tobacco alkaloids. 1,4-Additions to acyl carbanion equivalents Dissertation Abstr. (1973) 2519. Chen, C.M. and D.K. Meltiz Cytokinin biosynthesis in a cell-free system from cytokinin-autotrophic tobacco tissue cultures FEBS Lett. 107 (1979) 15-20. 

Solt, M.L., R.F. Dawson, and D.R. Christman Biosynthesis of anabasine and of nicotine by excised root cultures of Nicotiana glauca. Plant Physiol. 35 (1960) 887-894. 

Castorena, J.L. etal. 1987. A tal poisoning from Nicotiana glauca " Jottmal of Toxicology 25(5) 429-435-... 

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