Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin

The lipocalin superfamily of over 20 structurally related secreted proteins have heen extensively used as biochemical markers of disease. Some of the more well-known hpocahns include retinol-binding protein. Protein HC (a -microglobulin, a -m), and human neutrophil lipocahn/ neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (HNL/NGAL) [110]. 

Mishra J, Ma Q, Prada A, et al. Identification of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a novel early urinary biomarker for ischemic renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003 14 2534-2543. 

Mishra J, Mori K, Ma Q, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin a novel early urinary biomarker for cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Am J Nephrol 2004 24 307-315. 

Schmidt-Ott KM, Mori K, Li JY, Kalandadze A, Cohen DJ, Devarajan P, Barasch J. Dual action of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007 18 407-413. 

Mori K, Nakao K. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin asthe real-time indicator of active kidney damage. Kidney International 2007 doi 10.1038/sj.ki.5002165. 

Bachorzewska-Gajewska FI, Malyszko J, Sitniewska E, et al. Neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin and renal function after percutaneous coronary interventions. Am J Nephrol 2006 26 287-292. 

Bachorzewska-Gajewska FI, Malyszko J, Sitniewska E, Malyszko JS, Pawlak K, Mysliwiec M, Lawnicki S, Szmitkowski M, Dobrzycki S. Could neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C predict the development of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with stable angina and normal serum creatinine values Kidney Blood Press Res 2007 30 408-415. 

Bolignano D, Coppolino G, Campo S, Alois C, Nicocia G, Frisina N, Buemi M. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2007 27 373-378. 

Mishra J, Dent C,Tarabishi R, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker for acute renal injury after cardiac surgery. Lancet 2005 365 1231-1238. 

WagenerG, Jan M, Kim M, et al. Association between increases in urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and acute renal dysfunction after adult cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2006 105 485-491. 

Mishra J, Dent C, Tarabishi R, Mitsnefes MM, Ma Q, Kelly C, Ruff SM, Zahedi K, Shao M, Bean J, Mori K, Barasch J, Devarajan P Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker for acute renal injury after cardiac surgery.fsee comment]. Lancet 365 1231-1238,2005... 

MATE multidrug and toxin extrusion NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin... 

The C-terminal disulfide bond is obviously conserved in the hpocalin family, especially in those members that possess just one of them, e.g., the human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (hNGAL) [33, 34]. Yet, there are certain local deviations as in the BBP, where this link is made to a Cys residue in strand B instead of strand D, as in RBP. Some lipocalins do not possess disulfide bonds at all, e.g., the bacterial lipocalin [20]. Hence, it seems that stabilization of the hpoca-lin architecture does not generally necessitate disulfide cross-links, contrasting with the immunoglobulin fold [35]. 

Some proteins identihed more recently that have yet to be evaluated widely as potential markers include renal papillary antigen 1 (RPA-1), Kim-1 (Han et al. 2002 Ichimura et al. 2004), and apolipoprotein-J (Clusterin), a sulfated glycoprotein (Aulitzky et al. 1992 Eti et al. 1993) generally distributed in the nephron, and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGal an alpha-2-microglobulin of approximately 22-25 kDa). 

Total protein Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)... 

Ahn HJ and Hyun C. Evaluation of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) activity in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Vet Rec. 173(18) 452, Nov 9, 2013. 

Kai K, Yamaguchi T, Yoshimatsu Y, Kinoshita J, Teranishi M, and Takasaki W. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, a sensitive urinary biomarker of acute kidney injury in dogs receiving gentamicin. J Toxicol Sci. 38(2) 269-77, 2013. 

Segev G, Palm C, LeRoy B, Cowgill LD, and Westropp JL. Evaluation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a marker of kidney injury in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 27(6) 1362-7, Nov-Dec 2013. 

Steinbach S, Weis J, Schweighauser A, Francey T, and Neiger R. Plasma and mine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in dogs with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. / Vet Intern Med. 28(2) 264—9, Mar-Apr 2014. 

EMA. Letter of support for PSTC translational drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) biomarkers osteopontin (OPN) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). 2014. Available at http //www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en GB/document hbrary/ Other/2014/ll/WC500177133.pdf Accessed on May 20, 2015. 

Lacquaniti A, Buemi F, Lupica R, Giardina C, Mure G, Arena A, et al. Can neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin help depict early contrast material-induced nephropathy Radiology April 2013 267(l) 86-93. 

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