Neutralization of a strong acid

The neutralization of a strong acid by a strong base always involves the products —... 

Neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base gives a neutral solution. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) — NaCl(aq) + H20(l)... 

Neutralization of a strong acid and a weak base gives an acidic solution. 

There are three important classes of aqueous reactions. Precipitation reactions occur when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and a precipitate falls from solution. To predict whether a precipitate will form, you must know the solubility of each potential product. Acid-base neutralization reactions occur when an acid is mixed with a base, yielding water and a salt. The neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base can be written as a net ionic equation, in which nonparticipating, spectator ions are not specified ... 

Neutralization of a Strong Acid and a Strong Base. Fill a narrow U-tube with 1N hydrochloric acid and insert electrodes A until the lamp glows dimly but distinctly. Note carefully the depth to which the electrodes are inserted. Then refill the tube with IN sodium hydroxide, again insert the electrodes to the same depth, and notice how strongly the lamp glows. 

Neutralization of a Strong Acid and a Strong Base. When a strong, that is, a highly ionized acid (for example, HC1), is neutralized with a strong base (for example, NaOH), and the resulting salt, in this case NaCl, is soluble, the essential reaction is the formation of water from its ions. 

The total heat effect, 12,000 calories, produced by the action of one equivalent of acetic acid and one equivalent of ammonium hydroxide, is the sum of the heat effects of the three separate reactions, and we should expect the value to be different from the value of the neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base. Since 13,700 calories must be generated by the formation of 1 mole of water, the difference between this value and 12,000, or 1,700 calories, must have been absorbed in the ionizing of the acid and the base. 

Certain thermal properties of electrolytes are in harmony with the theory of ionic dissociation for example, the heat of neutralization of a strong acid by an equivalent amount of a strong base in dilute solution is about 13.7 kcal. at 20 irrespective of the exact nature of the acid or base. If the acid is hydrochloric acid and the base is sodium hydroxide, then according to the ionic theory the neutralization reaction should be written... 

It was seen on page 12, and it is obvious from the considerations discussed in the present chapter, that the neutralization of a strong acid by a strong base in aqueous solution is to be represented as... 

Every chemical reaction requires some time for its completion, but some reactions are very fast and some are very slow. Reactions between ions in solution without change in oxidation state are usually extremely fast. An example is the neutralization of a strong acid by a strong base, which proceeds as fast as the solutions can be mixed. Presumably nearly every time a hydronium ion collides with a hydroxide ion reaction occurs, and the number of collisions is very great, so that there is little delay in the reaction. 

The enthalpy of formation was calculated from the enthalpy of hydrolysis of K(cr), the enthalpies of solution of HCl(g) and KCl(cr), and the standard enthalpy of neutralization of a strong acid and strong base. Extensive measurements are available for all these quantities. Values used in the calculation, in addition to the enthalpy of formation for HCl(g), are summarized below. 

This neutralization reaction is illustrated in Figure 19-15. The How It Works feature at the end of this chapter shows that this equation does not apply to the neutralization of a strong acid hy a weak base. 

Another approach to the subject is through a consideration of the heat of neutralization of a strong acid and strong base at infinite dilution this is equivalent to the standard heat change of the reaction... 

Thermochemical equations for reactions taking place in solution must also specify the concentrations of the dissolved species. For example, the enthalpy of neutralization of a strong acid by a strong base is... 

The preparation of cationic-anionic monomer pairs (MPDMA AMPS and MPTMA AMPS) is best considered as the neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base, that is, AMPS and MPDMA, respectively (see Reaction 1). 

The enthalpy of neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base is —55.2 l /mol of water formed. If 100.0 ml of 1.00 M NaOH and 100.0 ml of 1.00 M HCI, both at 25.0°C, are mixed, assume that the heat capacity of the resulting solution is 4.18 J/g °C and that the density of that solution is 1.02 g/mL. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction, (b) Determine the number of moles of water that will be formed, (c) Determine the quantity of heat that the reaction will release, (d) How much heat is absorbed by the resulting solution (e) Calculate the mass of the solution. 

The chloride ion and the sodium ion appear on both sides of the equation, so they are spectator ions. They can be eliminated to obtain the net ionic equation for the neutralization of a strong acid by a strong base. 

Chemical reaction rates cover a very wide range. Some reactions, such as the neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base, are so rapid that they appear to reach equilibrium instantaneously, whereas others, such as the (noncatalyzed) reaction between oxygen and hydrogen at room temperature, are so slow that no reaction can be detected at all. 

This occurs when the salt has been formed by the neutralization of a strong acid by a strong base. In the case of sodium chloride the corresponding acid is hydrochloric acid, a strong acid, and the base is sodium hydroxide, a strong base or alkali ... 

One liter of a 0.10 M HCl solution contains 0.10 mol of hydronium ions. Now suppose that 0.10 mol of solid NaOH is added to 1L of 0.10 M HCl solution. The NaOH dissolves and supplies 0.10 mol of hydroxide ions to the solution. HCl and NaOH are present in chemically equivalent amoimts. Hydronium and hydroxide ions, which are present in equal numbers, combine until the product [HgO+] [OH ] returns to the value of 1 x 10 . NaCl, the salt produced in the reaction, is the product of this neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base. The resulting solution is neutral. 

Neutralization of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base and Vice Versa... 

Visualization Neutralization of a Strong Acid by a Strong Base... 

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