Neuropathogenesis of HIV Infection

It is now wddely accepted that in the absence of viral infection of neurons or maa oglia, indirect mechanisms play a major role in HAD neuronal dysfunction and death. Multiple studies per- 

How a reladvely small number of infected MP localized in par-dcular areas of the brain can lead to widespread neuronal injury is also unclear. One possibility is that interacdons between immune competent MP and astrocytes lead to an amphfica- 

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Polydefkis M, Yiannoutsos CT et al (2002) Reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density in HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Neurology 58(1) 115-119 Power C, Gill MJ et al (2002) Progress in clinical neurosciences The neuropathogenesis of HIV infection host-virus interaction and the impact of therapy. Can J Neurol Sci 29(l) 19-32 Premack BA, SchaU TJ (1996) Chemokine receptors gateways to inflammation and infection. Nat Med 2(11) 1174-1178... 

Alzheimer s disease in which the pathogenicity of amyloid peptides depends on proteases, namely secretases, involved in amyloid precursor protein (APP) maturation. This chapter will describe how the proteolysis of chemokines might participate in the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection, thus contributing to the development of the central nervous system disorder termed HIV-associated dementia (HAD). 

Moore DJ, Masliah E, Rippeth JD, Gonzalez R, Carey CL, Cherner M, Ellis RJ, Achim CL, Marcotte TD, Heaton RK, Grant I (2006) Cortical and subcortical neurodegeneration is associated with HIV neurocognitive impairment. Aids 20(6) 879-887 Nath A (2002) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins in neuropathogenesis of HIV dementia. J Infect Dis 186(Suppl 2) S193-S198... 

Nath A (2002) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins in neuropathogenesis of HIV dementia. J Infect Dis 186(Suppl. 2) S193-198... 

Marcario JK, Riazi M, Adany I, Kenjale H, Fleming K, Marquis J, Nemon O, Mayo MS, Yankee T, Narayan O, Cheney PD (2008) Effect of morphine on the neuropathogenesis of SlVmac infection in Indian Rhesus Macaques. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 3 12-25 Mattson MP, Haughey NJ, Nath A (2005) CeU death in HIV dementia. Cell Death Differ 12 893-904 Mayne M, Bratanich AC, Chen P, Rana F, Nath A, Power C (1998) HlV-1 tat molecular diversity and induction of TNF-alpha implications for HIV-induced neurological disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 5 184-192... 

Perez-Casanova A, Noel RJ Jr, Rivera-Amill V, Husain K, Kumar A (2007) Morphine-mediated deterioration of oxidative stress leads to rapid disease progression in SIV/SHIV-infected macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23 1004-1007 Persidsky Y, Gendelman HE (2003) Mononuclear phagocyte immunity and the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. J Leukoc Biol 74 691-701... 

Persidsky Y, Geiidelman HE (2003) Mononuclear phagocyte immunity and the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. J Leukoc Biol 74 691-701. 

Proteases are crucial enzymes induced by HIV to alter the physiology of the central nervous system. Indeed, proteases participate in brain infection, helping infected peripheral cells to cross the blood-brain barrier, as well as in the viral neuropathogenesis as will be later discussed. We will first describe examples of... 

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