Neurons dendrites

Lucas, P. et al. A diacylglycerol-gated cation channel in vomeronasal neuron dendrites is impaired in TRPC2 mutant mice mechanism of pheromone transduction. Neuron 40 551-561, 2003. 

Inglis, F.M., Furia, F., Zuckerman, K.E., Strittmatter, S.M., Kalb, R.G. The role of nitric oxide and NMDA receptors in the development of motor neuron dendrites, J. Neurosci. 1998, 18, 10493-10501. 

Olfactory perception translates abstract chemical features of odorants into meaningful neural information to elicit appropriate behavioral responses (Shepherd, 1994 Buck, 1996). Specialized bipolar olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are responsible for the initial events in odor recognition. These have ciliated dendrites exposed to the environment, and a single axon that extends into the brain and forms synapses with second order projection neurons (PNs) (Shepherd, 1994 Buck, 1996). In arthropods and mammals, the first olfactory synapse is organized into glomeruli, spherical structures in which afferent olfactory neuron axons synapse with projection neuron dendrites (Hildebrand and Shepherd, 1997). 

Pei Q, Lewis L, Sprakes ME, Jones DG, Grahame-Smith DG, Zetterstrom TSC. Serotonergic regulation of mRNA expression of Arc, an immediate early gene selectively localized at neuronal dendrites. Neuropharmacology 2000 39 463-470. 

Lyford GL, Yamagata K, Kaufmann WE, Barnes CA, Sanders LK, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Lanahan AA, Worley PF (1995) Arc, a growth factor and activity-regulated gene, encodes a novel cytoskeleton-associated protein that is enriched in neuronal dendrites. Neuron 74 433 145. 

Initially, there is a confused state, Korsakoff s psychosis, that is characterized by confabulation and loss of recent memory, although memory for past events may be unimpaired. Later, clear neurological signs develop - Wernicke s encephalopathy. This is characterized by nystagmus and extraocular palsy. Postmortem examination shows hemorrhagic lesions in the thalamus, pontine tegmentum, and mammillary body, with severe damage to astrocytes, neuronal dendrites, and myelin sheaths. 

Jiang, C. and Schuman, E.M. (2002) Regulation and function of local protein synthesis in neuronal dendrites. Trends in Biochem. Sci. 27, 506-513. 

Zheng J, Zhuang W, Yan N, Kou G, Peng H, McNally C, Erichsen D, Cheloha A, Herek S, Shi C (2004) Classification of HIV-1-mediated neuronal dendritic and synaptic damage using multiple criteria linear programming. Neuroinformatics 2 303-326. 

Is dendritic arborization and synapse number important for variability in cognitive ability (Anderson Donaldson 1995) Zagon has reported that postnatal administration of naltrexone, an opiate receptor antagonist, augments rat brain size and increases cortical neuron dendritic arborization (Hauser et al 1989, Zagon McLaughlin 1984). In MAM-treated rats, I showed that postnatal treatment with naltrexone could ameliorate the behavioural deficit for attention to novelty, habituation performance and response flexibility (see Fig. 5) with intermediate effects on time to perform a reasoning task. 

A characteristic of multiple sclerosis, denaturation The structural and functional changes to globular protein or nucleic acid in solution, brought about by extremes of heat, pH, some chemicals or X-rays, dendrite A short branching process of the neuronal cell body which synapses with other neurons, dendrite celis Mobile, non-phagocytic cells derived from bone marrow and which come specialized for particular functions. 

Fig. 6. A-C. Three examples of intracellularly filled striatal spiny projection neurons. Dendrites, shown in black, are densely laden with spines and extend in an area approximately 200-300 /rm around the cell body. Local axon collaterals of these neurons, depicted in gray, spread in area approximately 200 00 /um around the cell body, which does not precisely overlap the dendritic spread of these neurons. Adapted from Kawaguchi et al. 1990.

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