Neurologic blindness

Friedman], Westlake R, Furman M Grievous bodily harm gamma hydroxybutyrate abuse leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Neurology 46 469 71, 1996 Gallimberti L, Ferri M, Ferrara SD, et al Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the treatment of alcohol dependence a double-blind study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16 673-676, 1992... 

Rogers, SL, Farlow, MR, Doody, RS, Mohs, R, Friedhoff, LT and the Donepezil Study Group (1998) A 24-week, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer s disease. Neurology 50 136-145. 

Schnorf, H., Taurarii, M. and Cundy, T., Ciguatera fish poisoning a double-blind randomized trial of mannitol therapy. Neurology, 58, 6, 873, 2002. 

The signs and symptoms of atropine intoxication have been wryly summarized by H. P. Morton (1939), in the form of five easy to remember similes Hot as a hare, Blind as a bat, Dry as a bone. Red as a beet and Mad as a hen. In more professional language, atropine intoxication (as observed by Forrer and Miller during their atropine coma treatments in the late 1940s) consists of two sequences the first neurological, the second, behavioral. 

Neurologic - A transient acute neurologic syndrome has been observed in patients treated with high-dosage regimens. Manifestations of this stroke-like encephalopathy may include confusion, hemiparesis, transient blindness, seizures, and coma. 

Excess selenium intake can occur in both animals and humans living in areas with elevated selenium in the soil. Most grass and grains do not accumulate selenium, but when an animal consumes plants that do accumulate selenium (some up to 10,000 mg/kg) they can develop a condition called the blind staggers . Symptoms include depressed appetite, impaired vision, and staggering in circles and can ultimately lead to paralysis and death. Humans are susceptible to similar effects as well as additional neurological effects. Selenium deficiency results in heart disorders, skeletal muscle effects, and liver damage. 

Children with Tay-Sachs disease exhibit hypotonia (poor muscle tone) and progressive neurologic symptoms, including blindness and mental retardation. 

Allen, J. H., G. M. de Moore, R. Heddle, and J. C. Twartz. Cannabinoid hyperemesis cyclical hyperemesis in association with chronic cannabis abuse. Gut 2004 53(11) 1566-1570. Carroll, C.B., P. G. Bain, L. Teare, et al. Cannabis for dyskinesia in Parkinson disease a randomized double-blind crossover study. Neurology 2004 63(7) 1245-1250. 

Guttman M, International Pramipexole-Bromocriptine Study Group. Double blind comparison of pramipexole and bromocriptine treatment with placebo in advanced Parkinson disease. Neurology 1997,49 1060-1063. 

Tourette s syndrome improvement with pergolide in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Neurology 54 1310-1315. 

Marras, C., Andrews, D., Sime, E., and Lang, A.E. (2001) Botulinum toxin for simple motor tics a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Neurology 56 605-610. 

Singer, H.S., Wendlandt, J., Krieger, M., and Giuliano, J. (2001) Baclofen treatment in Tourette syndrome a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Neurology 56 599-604. 

Broughton RJ, Fleming JA, George CF, et al Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of modafinil in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Neurology 49 444-451, 1997... 

Paty, D.W., and D.K. Li, Interferon beta-lb is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. II. MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. UBC MS/MRI Study Group and the IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology, 1993.43(4) 662-7. 

Busenbark K, Pahwa R, Hubble J, et al. Double-blind controlled study of methazolamide in the treatment of essential tremor. Neurology 1993 43 1045- 1047. 

Nevertheless, this condition is responsive to treatment with dopamine-2 receptor antagonists. Hence, this condition is one of the clearest childhood indications for treatment with these medications. In theory, any dopamine-2 blocking receptor antagonist could be used. Haloperidoi has been the most extensively tested and used medication for this condition (167). The typical dose for children aged 3 to 12 years old is 0.2 mg/kg per day. More recently, in a double-blind study of 36 boys with Tourette s syndrome, risperidone was effective in reducing tics in 88% versus 60% for haloperidol (197), perhaps making risperidone a better option than a neuroleptic in terms of neurological adverse effects. 

Suarez, G. A., Opfer-Gehrking, T. L., McLean, D. B., Low, P. A. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of substance P (NK1) receptor antagonist in painful peripheral neuropathy, Neurology 1994, 44, 373P. 

Puri B. K., Leavitt B. R., Hayden M. R., Ross C. A., Rosenblatt A., Greenamyre J. T., Hersch S., Vaddadi K. S., Sword A., Horiobin D. F., Manku M., and Murck H. (2005). Ethyl-EPA in Huntington disease - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 65 286-292. 

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