Ciguatera fish poisoning

Bl5dhe, D., Mannitol treatment for acute and chronic ciguatera fish poisoning, Mem. Queensland Mus., 34, 65, 1994. 

Lange, W., Snyder, F. and Fudala, P., Travel and ciguatera fish poisoning, Arch. Intern. Med., 152, 2049, 1992. 

McKee D et al., Ciguatera fish poisoning reporting by physicians in an endemic area, in Hallegraelf, G., ed., Harmful Algal Blooms 2000, IOC of UNESCO, Paris, 2001. 

Morris, J.G., Jr., et al.. Clinical features of ciguatera fish poisoning a study of the disease in the US Virgin Islands, Arch. Intern. Med., 142, 6, 1090, 1982a. 

Palafox, N.A., et al.. Successful treatment of ciguatera fish poisoning with intravenous mannitol, JAMA, 259, 18, 2740, 1988. 

Schnorf, H., Taurarii, M. and Cundy, T., Ciguatera fish poisoning a double-blind randomized trial of mannitol therapy. Neurology, 58, 6, 873, 2002. 

The above-reviewed pharmacological results show some slight discrepancies specially with ciguatoxin. These discrepancies may be explained partly by the variability of the sample purity and partly by the presence in the extracts of secondary toxins. The complex description of the effects observed experimentally can explain the polymorphism of the clinical features. These pharmacological data can help the physician to improvise an appropriate treatment in ciguatera fish poisoning. 

Ciguatoxin (CTX) is the major chemical entity associated with ciguatera fish poisoning. CTX, a term given to the low dalton lipid by Scheuer et al. (JL) was isolated from livers of Gymnothorax obtained from an endemic area in the Pacific. A recent study by Tachibana ( 2) in Scheuer s laboratory suggests that CTX consists of numerous cyclic polyether residues similar to okadaic acid (3-5) and monensin ( ). ... 

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) was first identified in 1511, CFP is a tropical-subtropical seafood poisoning that affects up to 50,000 people each year and is the most often reported foodbome disease of a chemical origin in the United States. Caused by consumption of reef fishes (e.g., grouper, snapper), sickness in... 

Y Shimizu, A. V. K. Prasad, H-N. Chou, G. Wrensford and M. Alam, in T. R. Tbstcson (Ed.), Proceedings of the third International Conference on Ciguatera Fish Poisoning, Puerto Rico, PolyScience Publishers, Quebec, Canada, 1992, pp 33 - 43 and references cited therein. 

Bagnis R, Kuberski T, and Laugier S (1979) Clinical observations on 3,009 cases of ciguatera (fish poisoning) in the South Pacific. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 28 1067-1073. 

Geller RJ, Olson KR, and Senecal PE (1991) Ciguatera fish poisoning in San Francisco, California, caused by imported barracuda. The Western Journal of Medicine 156 639-642. 

Ciguatera fish poisoning toxins. Potent sodium channel activators. Complex pattern of metabolites in fish, dependant on region and species... 

Hokama, Y. and Yoshikawa-Ebesu, J.S.M., Ciguatera fish poisoning a foodbome disease, J. Toxicol. Toxin Rev., 20, 85, 2001. 

Perl TM, Bedard L, Kosatsky T, Hockin JC, Todd BCD, Remis RS. An outbreak of toxic encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid. N Engl J Med 322 1775-1780, 1990. Bagnis R. Clinical aspects of ciguatera (fish poisoning) in French Polynesia. Hawaii Med J 28 25-28, 1968. 

---