Neuroendocrine tumours

VIPoma stands for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-secreting tumour. VIPomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours located in the pancreas. 

Kolby L, Bernhardt P, Levin-Jakobsen AM, Johanson V, Wangberg B, Ahlman H, Forssell-Aronsson E, Nilsson O (2003) Uptake of meta-iodobenzylguanidine in neuroendocrine tumours is mediated by vesicular monoamine transporters. Br J Cancer 89 1383-1388. 

To date, resection of liver metastases of colorectal or neuroendocrine tumours is the only treatment option which may result in definitive removal of the cancerous disease. Resection is indicated in those cases in which the primary tumour can be removed completely and when no further metastases are detectable. Repeated resection is also possible. Extrahepatic metastases or involvement of neighbouring organs are generally no longer regarded as contraindications. (3ll, 316, 317)... 

Morbidity should not exceed 30%. Lethality is between 0-3%. The 5-year survival rate following RO resection in metastatic colorectal carcinoma is 20-40%, in neuroendocrine tumours 90-100%, in malignant melanoma 15-25%, and in breast cancer 10-30%. Prognosis is poor in metastasizing renal cell carcinoma and in gastric or pancreatic carcinoma. Both R1 and R2 resection worsen the prognosis to the same extent. 

In the case of diffuse metastasizing in the liver due to a neuroendocrine tumour, transplantation may be indicated. 

Interferon therapy The application of IFN is based on inhibiting protein synthesis and thus cell proliferation. Its indication is recommended in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours. 

Systemic chemotherapy is usually not indicated in non-colorectal liver metastases due to lack of response. The systemic administration of cytostatics (also in combination) possesses the status of palliative therapy. However, in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours, a combination of octreotide -i- IFN had a positive effect on the survival time. Systemic chemotherapy produced remission rates of up to 60%. (320) In metastatic breast cancer, systemic chemotherapy is indicated, usually in combination with hormonal and immune therapy. (316, 342) In metastatic gastric carcinoma, palliative chemotherapy can achieve a remission rate of up to 40%, with a slight extension of survival time. 

However, it is now known to exist in various nerve tracts and neuroendocrine tissues and it has general inhibitor actions. It can also inhibit release of other pituitary hormones (including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin). other endocrine hormones including pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon), peptide hormones from a variety of neuroendocrine tumours (e.g. VIPomas and glucagonomas) and also the release of most intestinal hormones. It is produced in the gut, the pancreas and in some peripheral nerves (see hypothalamic hormones PITUITARY hormones). Somatostatin is a cyclic peptide of 14 residues (SRIF-14) but is formed from a precursor of 28 residues (SRIF-28). 

Bernini GP, Moretti A, Ferdeghini M, et al. A new human chromogranin A immunoradiometric assay for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours. Br J Cancer 2001 84 636-42. 

Capella C, Heitz PU, Hofler H, Solcia E, Kloppel G. Revised classification of neuroendocrine tumours of the lung, pancreas and gut. Virchows Arch 1995 425 547-60. 

Oberg K, Stridsberg M. Chromogranins as diagnostic and prognostic markers in neuroendocrine tumours. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000 482 329-37. 

Barakat MT, Meeran K, Bloom SR. Neuroendocrine tumours. Endocrine-Related Cancer 2004 11 1-18. 

The most significant achievement of the CRP was the development and evaluation of the radiopharmaceutical Lu-DOTATATE, which has been established as an agent for targeted therapy of neuroendocrine tumours. One of the participants, Italy, began using Lu-DOTATATE for therapy during the course of the research project, and another, Brazil, has reported its clinical use since the project s completion. 

The primary outcomes of this CRP are the development and quality control of Lu-DOTATATE for PRRT of neuroendocrine tumours and the establishment of a protocol that can be used for its preparation for clinical application. Details concerning this development and descriptions of the optimal protocols for preparation and quality control of this agent are provided in the reports included in Part 11 of this publication. 

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and peptide receptor imaging of malignant neoplasms have become a primary focus of interest in nuclear medicine. Neuroendocrine tumours frequently overexpress... 

Development of methods for labelling, purification and quality control of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for neuroendocrine tumours based on different carrier molecules and radionuclides ... 

FROIDEVAUSX, S., et al.. Neuroendocrine tumour targeting Study of novel gallium-labelled somatostatin radiopeptides in a rat pancreatic tumour model, Int. J. Cancer 98 (2002) 930-937. 

WALDHERR, C., et al., The clinical value of [90Y-DOTA]-D-Phel-Tyr3-octre-otide (90Y-DOTATOC) in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours A clinical phase II study, Ann. Oncol. 12 (2001) 941-945. 

KRENNING, E.P., et al.. Molecular imaging as in vivo molecular pathology for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours Implications for follow-up after therapy, J. Nucl. Med. 46 (2005) 76S-82S. 

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