Neuroendocrine abnormalities

Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E., Becker, S., Pelz, S., Tuchtenhagen, F., and Daumami, J., Neuroendocrine abnormalities in recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users is it ecstasy or cannabis Biol. Psychiatry 51(9), 766-769, 2002. 

Corrigall WA, Franklin KB, Coen KM, Clarke PB. (1992). The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 107(2-3) 285-89. Dackis C, Gold MS. (1985). Neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with cocaine use. Psychiatr Med. 3(4) 461-83. 

Since various neuroendocrine abnormalities increase with age, the neuroendocrine aging theory has received considerable attention. Nevertheless, some of these abnormalities are secondary phenomena, and others are due to disorders... 

Bulimia nervosa is the most common eating disorder that occurs in women with eating disorders who maintain normal weight. The symptomology includes disturbances in appetite modulation, abnormal body image, dysphoric mood, and neuroendocrine abnormalities. 

Other possible prenatal factors are neurotoxins Although there has been too little research examining schizophrenia as a possible outcome of fetal lead exposure, it has been proposed that fetal blood levels of lead greater than 15 units (micrograms per deciliter) may double the risk of childhood or adult schizophrenia spectrum disorder.39Another important possibility is that prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as bis-phenol-A (a polymer environmental pollutant present in many plastic consumer products) can be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia.40 Past research has indeed demonstrated endocrine and neuroendocrine abnormalities in schizophrenics.41... 

There are clear links between depression and disruption of the neuroendocrine system. Thyroid and gonadal hormone secretion are both abnormal in depression but most... 

More recently, a growing understanding of neurotransmitter modulation of appetitive behaviors has pointed to some disturbance of neurotransmitter function as the cause of AN and/or BN (Morley and Blundell, 1988 Fava et ah, 1989). It is possible that disturbances of brain neuropeptides and/or monoamines could contribute to other symptoms and behaviors, such as neuroendocrine or autonomic abnormalities, or alterations of mood and behavior in people with AN or BN. It is important to emphasize that monoamine or neuropeptide disturbances could be a consequence of dietary abnormalities, or premorbid traits that contribute to a vulnerability to develop AN or BN. One way to tease apart cause and effect is to study people with AN or BN at various stages in their illness—that is, while symptomatic and after recovery. 

It now seems probable that specific disturbances occur in the immune system in psychiatric illness that are not artefacts of non-specific stress factor, institutionalization or medication. The known effects of the neuroendocrine system on the immune response, and the recent evidence that receptor sites for neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine factors occur on lymphocytes and macrophages, support the hypothesis that immunological abnormalities may assist in precipitating the symptoms of anxiety and depression, commonly symptoms of major affective disorders. 

Abnormal tissues The antibody labeled 17/20 sarcomas, 16/18 melanomas, 4/4 meningeomas, and 3/3 schwannomas, and was the sole intermediate filament present in these tumours. In addition, variable percentages (10 to 57 percent) of carcinomas, neuroendocrine carcinomas, neuroblastomas, thymomas and mesotheliomas were positive with the antibody. With the exception of the neuroblastomas, cytokeratin was coexpressed with vimentin in these tumours. Among adenocarcinomas, more than 50 percent of papillary carcinomas of the thyroid as well as renal, endometrial, ovarian and lung carcinomas were labeled by the antibody and coexpressed keratins and vimentin. 

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