Nervous system action

McCarthy, M.M. and Altemus M. (1997) Central nervous system actions of oxytocin and modulation of behavior in humans. Mol Med Today 3 269-275. 

Cannabis sativa plants contain at least 400 different compounds, of which as many as 60 are structurally related to 5 -tetrahydrocannabinol (5 -THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis. When cannabis is smoked, hundreds of additional compounds are produced by pyrolysis, which may contribute to both acute and chronic effects (Abood and Martin, 1992). The central nervous system actions of canna-binoids are mediated primarily through the CBj receptor. A second type of cannabinoid receptor, termed the CB2 receptor, is distributed primarily in the periphery (Gifford et ah, 1999). Activation of central cannabinoid receptors modulates neurotransmitter release at... 

Cardiac glycosides affect all excitable tissues, including smooth muscle and the central nervous system. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of digitalis toxicity outside the heart. The effects include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. This toxicity is caused in part by direct effects on the gastrointestinal tract and in part by central nervous system actions. 

Keenan, L., Koopowitz, H. and Bernardo, K. (1 979) Primitive nervous systems action of aminergic drugs and blocking agents on activity in the ventral nerve cord of the flatworm Notoplana acticola. Journal of Neurobiology 10, 397-407. 

The central nervous system actions that result from taking even small amounts of methamphetamine, on the other hand, include extreme alertness, increased energy, decreased appetite, increased respiration, hyperthermia, and euphoria—generally the effects sought by users. But over time, side effects such as irritability, insomnia, confusion, tremors, convulsions, anxiety, paranoia, and aggressiveness begin to intrude. These symptoms are magnified by lack of sleep. Withdrawal often produces severe depression. 

This toxicity may be partially caused by direct effects on the gastrointestinal tract but is also the result of central nervous system actions, including chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation. 

Lipid solubility plays a major role in determining the rate at which a particular sedative-hypnotic enters the central nervous system. For example, diazepam and triazolam are more lipid-soluble than chlordiazepoxide and lorazepam thus, the central nervous system actions of the former drugs are... 

V-bromosuccinimide, bromination with, 77 Nematocide, 136, 440 Neoplasm inhibitor, 148 Nervous system action, 138... 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects coma, somnolence. Its central nervous system action is about midway between those of morphine and codeine, and large doses do not produce the... 

Syrup of ipecac is available as a nonprescription product in many countries. It is derived from the dried rhizome and roots of the Cephaelis ipecacuanha or Cephaelis acuminata plant. These plants contain the potent emetic alkaloids emetine and cephaeline, which induce vomiting by both direct local gastrointestinal effects and central nervous system actions. Emesis following syrup of ipecac ingestion typically occurs within 20 min of ingestion and persists for 30-120 min. 

Ahtee, L., Halmekoski, J., Heinonen, H., Koskimies, A. Comparison of the central nervous system actions of taurine and N-pivaloyltaurine. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1979, 66(3), 480 pages. 

Tache Y, Maeda-Hagiwara M. Turkelson CM. Central nervous system action of corticotropin-releasing factor to inhibit gashic emptying in rats. Am J Physiol 1987 253 G241-G245. 

Many unanswered questions remain regarding the nervous system actions of neuroimmunophilin ligands. The mechanism of action of the neural effects of FKBP ligands remains to be elucidated, and will undoubtedly be the focus of much research in the near term. The lack of correlation between inhibition of FKBP 12 rotamase activity and in vitro neurotrophic potency was noted in a previous section. This observation,... 

This compound exhibits a central nervous system action in insects like the pyrethroids, but its peripheral action on sensory nerve structures is different from that of other DDT analogues. 

Leptin acts on receptors in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, causing the release of anorexigenic peptides, including a-MSH, that act in the brain to inhibit eating. Leptin also stimulates sympathetic nervous system action on adipocytes, leading to uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, with consequent thermogenesis. 

---