Nerve cells neurite outgrowth

Furthermore, PKCe is required for nerve growth factor-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and neurite outgrowth by ethanol. It is also required for ethanol-induced increases in N-type voltage-gated calcium channels in PC 12 neural cells. 

Poly-L-lysine-blended chitosan, collagen-blended chitosan and albumin-blended chitosan were also considered, with collagen control material. Culture of PC12 cells and fetal mouse cerebral cortex cells on these biomaterials was used to evaluate their nerve cell affinity. The composite materials, had significantly improved nerve cell affinity compared to chitosan. Poly-L-lysine-blended chitosan exhibited the best nerve cell affinity and was a better material in promoting neurite outgrowth than collagen [328]. 

Shigeta K, Ootaki K, Tatemoto H, Potentiation of nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by a Coptidis Rhizoma extract and protobet-betine alkaloids, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 66 2491—2494, 2002. 

In contrast to the functional information available for the roles of ACh and AChE, the function or functions of RBC and serum ChEs are still matters for speculation. One idea is that they protect the body from natural anti-ChE agents (e.g., phyosos-tigmine) encountered during the evolution of the species another idea is that they have specific but still unknown roles in tissues. For example, there are reports that inhibition of BuChE activity blocks adhesion of neurites from nerve cells in culture and that AChE promotes outgrowth of neurites as if the enzymes had roles in cell adhesion and differentiation. 

Seeley, P.J., Keith, C.H., Shelanski, M.L. and Greene. L.A. (1983) Pressure microinjection of nerve growth factor and anti-nerve growth factor into the nucleus and cytoplasm lack of effects on neurite outgrowth from pheochromocy-toma cells. J. Neurosci. 3 1488-1494. 

Altin, J.G., Wetts, R. and Bradshaw, R.A. (1991) Microinjection of a p21ras antibody into PC 12 cells inhibits neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Growth Factors 4 145-155. 

Recio-Pinto, E, and Ishii, D,N, (1984) Effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor II and nerve growth factor on neurite outgrowth in cultured human neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res. 2 323-334,... 

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