Neomycin antibacterial spectrum

The closely related neomycin, obtained from S. fradiae, as a mixture of epimers NM B and C (Fig. 6-22), also exhibited a broad antibacterial spectrum. However, high nephrotoxicity precludes systemic use. Oral administration for gut sterilization preceding bowel surgery is actually a local application, as is, of course, the use of NM in a number of topical creams and lotions, usually in combination with bacitracin and polymyxin. 

Neo-Mercazole carbimazole. neomycin [ban, inn] (neomycin suiphate Mycifradin ) is an (aminoglycoside) ANTIBIOTIC composed of a complex of neomycin A, B and C - early members of the aminoglycoside family produced by the mould Streptomyces fradiae. It has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties but is too toxic to be injected, though it can be used in treating some superficial bacterial infections, and is occasionally taken by mouth to reduce the levels of bacteria in the gut (it is not absorbed), neomycin B framycetin sulphate, neomycin sulphate neomycin, neopentanetetrayl nicotinate niceritrol. Neoral cyclosporine. 

Most polymyxin B sold for human use in the United States is in dermatological, otic, and ophthalmic preparations that usually contain one or more other spectrum extending antibacterials such as bacitracin, neomycin sulfate [1404-04-2], C H N O, linear gramicidin, oxytetracydine [79-57-2],... 

Paromomycin shares the same mechanism of action as neomycin and kanamycin (binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit) and has the same spectrum of antibacterial activity. Paromomycin is available only for oral use in the United States. Following oral administration, 100% of the drug is recovered in the feces, and even in cases of compromised gut integrity, there is little evidence for clinically significant absorption of paromomycin. Parenteral administration carries the same risks of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity seen with other aminoglycosides. 

Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Shows broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Sol. H2O, MeOH poorly sol. butanol, hexane. Similar to Neomycin B, N-23. 

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