Nematicide, chemical structure

Broadly speaking, pesticides include many different chemical structures and are used to control pest plants and animals. They are generally classi-hed according to their target as follows insects (insecticides), nematodes (nematicides), mollusks (molluscicides), weeds (herbicides), bacteria (bactericides), fungi (fungicides), and so on. 

The secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungi associated with dicotyledonous plants (dicots) are chemically diverse (Table 1). There is an equal diversity in the activities of these compounds, including antibacterial, antifungal, nematicidal, phytotoxic, cytotoxic, antineoplastic, anti-insectant, anti-herbivory, and a variety of other activities. The compounds isolated, structurally elucidated, and explored biologically in the short time since previous reviews continue to display that same wide array of chemical and biological diversity. 

The Pesticide Index (ref. 14) lists the following categories of pesticides acaricides, attractants, chemosterilants, defoliants, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, molluscicides, nematicides, plant regulators, repellents, and rodenticides. Listings are in alphabetical order with structural and molecular formulae for single chemical entities. Other data include CAS nomenclature and number Wiswesser Line Notation LD-50 and test animal data when available physical appearance and safety information. Also provided are a CAS nomenclature index separate molecular (line) formulae of chemicals identified by their common names a separate section of Wiswesser line notations, also with common names an appendix of manufacturers, and an appendix of recent publications dealing with pesticide names. 

After an intensive effort to isolate the hatching factors from host plant roots or their diffusates, Masamune s group hrst established the structure of hatching stimulant to SCN, glycinoeclepin A, in 1982, which was active at a concentration of as low as 10 g/niL (Figure 1) [5-8]. Subsequently, solanoeclepin A was reported as the stimulant to PCN by Mulder et al. in 1992 [9]. This compound was isolated from the hydroponic culture medium of tomato and active at 10 g/mL in an aqueous solution. In spite of their ultra-high activity, neither of these compounds has been commercialized as nematicides because of their limited solubility in water. Besides, recent research reveals that the reality of chemical hatching control is not that simple. 

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