Near-surface mounting

Strips are applied directly on the surface of a structure that is pretreated, e.g. by grinding or sand-blasting, using a two-component epoxy adhesive. Another technique is the so-called near surface mounted reinforcement (NSMR), which means that the strips are embedded into slits in the... 

De Lorenzis L and Teng J G (2007), Near-surface mounted FRP reinforcement An emerging technique for structural strengthening . Compos Part B, 38, 119-143. doi 10.1016/j. compositesb.2006.08.003... 

An alternative or complementary technique based on near surface mounted reinforcements and called NSM consists in inserting FRP rods with an epoxy adhesive or cement grout into grooves cut in the concrete member (De Lorenzis and Teng, 2007). 

De Caso y Basalo, F.B., Malta, E, Nanni, A. (2012). Fibre reinforced cement-based composite system for concrete confinement. Construction and Building Materials, 32, 55-65. doi 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.063 De Lorenzis, L., Teng, J.G. (2007). Near-surface mounted FRP reinforcement An emerging technique for strengthening structures. Composites Part B Engineering, 38, 119-143. doi 10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.08.003 Derrien, K., Gilormini, P. (2006). In Proceedings of the DSL 2006 Conference, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 258/260, 447-452. 

Damage-controlled RC bridges using near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP rebars... 

Bournas, D.A., and Triantafillou, T.C. (2009). Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete columns with near-surface-mounted FRP or stainless steel . ACI Structural Journal, 106(4) 495-505. 

Fahmy, M.F.M., and Wu, Z.S. (2012). Seismic performance of RC bridge columns retrofitted with smooth and deformed near-surface-mounted basalt FRP rebars . 6th Int. Conf. on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2012), Rome. 

Hacha, R., and Rizkalla, S.H. (2004). Near-surface-mounted fiber reinforced polymer reinforcements for flexural strengthening of concrete structures . ACI Structural Journal, 101(5) 717-726. 

The rehabilitation of RC beams by the techniques of (i) external plate bonding (EPB) and (ii) Near Surface Mounted (NSM) FRP rods. 

The flexural strengthening of RC bridge beams by the technique of Near Surface Mounted (NSM)... 

Choi, H. T.,West, J. S. and Soudki, K. A. (2011), Effect of partial unbonding on prestressed near-surface-mounted CFRP-strengthened concrete T-beams , Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 15, pp. 93-102. 

De Lorenzis, L., Micelli, F. and La Tegola, A. (2002), Passive and active near surface mounted FRP rods for flexural strengthening of RC beams . Proceedings of the International Conference on Fibre Composites in Interface - ICCI-02, 10-12 June 2002, San Francisco, CA (CD ROM). 

Kotynia, R. (2006), Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near surface mounted CFRP strips , in CICE 2006, Miami, FL, pp. 619-622. 

Near-surface mounted FRP (NSM-FRP) FRP composite, usually a bar or a strip, is embedded into a groove cut on the concrete surface, with a high-viscosity epoxy or cement paste. 

Rods are only used internally or near surface mounted. 

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