Natural wood finishes

Film-Forming. Varnishes are the primary transparent film-forming materials used for natural wood finishes, and they greatly enhance the natural beauty of wood. Varnishes lack exterior permanence unless protected from direct exposure to sunlight. Varnish finishes on wood exposed to the outdoors without protection will generally require refinishing every 1-2 years. 

Penetrating. The penetrating finishes are the second broad classification of natural wood finishes. These finishes do not form a film on the wood surface. 

Opaque Stains. Solid color or opaque stains are another classification of finishes sometimes inaccurately described as natural wood finishes. These finishes are high in pigment content and completely mask the color and figure of the wood. Surface texture is retained and these finishes yield a flat appearance. They do protect wood against UV degradation, but tend to perform more like paints in that they do not penetrate the wood surface to any degree. 

As there is a smaller charge density applied compared to ECE the risks of damage are lower than for chloride removal. As mentioned earlier ASR may be a risk if sodium carbonate is used as the electrolyte. Sodium carbonate can also cause short-term efflorescence and the high alkalinity after treatment can attack some coatings. Sodium carbonate will attack oil-based paints, varnishes and natural wood finishes. It should also be noted that carbonated concrete does not promote ASR as the pH has dropped and sodium bicarbonate does not put the pH up to the same level as uncarbonated concrete so the risk of aggravating ASR with realkalization is lower than for ECE. 

Yes, except the two-tone walls, which have green above white To a limited degree natural wood finishes used for work surfaces Yes... 

With few exceptions, stains used in wood finishing are formulated to improve the appearance of the substrate. Unlike paints, sealers, and topcoats, stains are utilized either to accentuate the natural beauty of the wood or to hide inherent defects found in most species of wood. 

The primary function of any wood finish is to protect the wood surface fi om the natural weathering elements (sunlight and water) and help maintain appearance (2). Where appearance does not matter, wood can be left unfinished to weather naturally, and such... 

Some wood finishes are often applied as so-called natural finishes for wood. Each finish system offers various advantages and disadvan-... 

Latex stains are also described as semitransparent. These pigmented finishes are generally nonpenetrating and retain the surface texture of the wood but often obliterate the natural wood color. 

U.S. Pat. No. 6,844,049 [55] discloses PVC-wood composite profiles having a natural wood grain finish by applying multiple paint transfers onto the composite. 

Natural wood-based flooring materials range from plain wood boards and parquets to finished, assembled plank parquet composites of various wood species. Cork materials are manufactured from the outer layer of the tree, mainly oak. 

Solid-Color Stains, Solid-color stains are opaque finishes (also called hiding, heavy-bodied, and opaque stains) that come in a wide range of colors and are made with a much higher concentration of pigment than the semitransparent penetrating stains. As a result, solid-color stains totally obscure the natural wood color and grain. Oil-based or alkyd solid-color stains form a film much like paint, and consequently they can peel from the substrate. Latex-based solid-color stains are also available and likewise form a film. Both oil-based and latex-based solid-color stains are similar to thinned paints and can usually be applied over old paint or semitransparent stains. 

Natural finish- A transparent finish which does not seriously alter the original color or grain of the natural wood. Natural finishes are usually provided by sealers, oils, varnishes, water repellent preservatives, and other similar materials. 

Natural resin n. A resin produced by nature, mostly by exudation from certain trees from cuts or tears in the bark. Lac resin is secreted by the lac insect and is refined to make shellac. Some of the tree resins are copal, rosin, and sandarac, at one time widely used in wood finishes. Langenheim JH (2003) Plant resins chemistry, evolution ecology and ethnobotany. Timber Press, Portland, OR. 

Waterproofs treated or untreated wood while penetrating oils bring out the natural wood grain finish. Prevents swelling, cracking and warping. 

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