Penetration stain

Penetrating stains Penetration resistance Penetration theory Penetrometers Peng-Robinson equation DL-Pemcillamine Penicillamine [52-67-5]... 

Penetrating Stains. Penetrating or no-wipe stains are used in a variety of appHcations. The most common use of these direct-to-wood stains is on smaH-pore species of wood. Maple, cherry, and coniferous species such as pine are good candidates for penetrating stains. 

For penetration stain, a 0.5 mm thick veneer of white, non-discolouring rubber, is applied under pressure to a sheet of the test rubber and the composite vulcanized. A test piece cut from the composite sheet is exposed to artificial light and examined for staining. The composition of the white veneer is left for agreement between the interested parties. Alternatively, part of a finished product incorporating a veneer may be used or the rubber test piece without the veneer coated with a non-staining white laquer. 

BS 903 Part A3384 is identical to ISO 3865. ASTM D92585 has methods for contact, migration and diffusion (equivalent to penetration) staining. The contact stain method is similar to ISO 3865 except that there is no provision for developing the stain by exposure to light. Migration stain is not measured at the same time. 

The ASTM diffusion (penetration) stain method is similar to that in ISO 3865 but more detail is given on preparation of the veneer, including a formulation. 

Weather affects the performance of wood finishes adversely. Both types of finish the film-forming (paints, varnishes) and the penetrating (stains, preservatives) are adversely affected by a combination of the following factors ... 

Penetrating stains are suitable for both smooth- and rough-textured surfaces however, their performance improves markedly if applied to roughsawn, weathered, or rough-textured wood (J, 69, 99, 124, 134, 137, 138) because more material can be applied to such... 

Solid-Color Stains, Solid-color stains are opaque finishes (also called hiding, heavy-bodied, and opaque stains) that come in a wide range of colors and are made with a much higher concentration of pigment than the semitransparent penetrating stains. As a result, solid-color stains totally obscure the natural wood color and grain. Oil-based or alkyd solid-color stains form a film much like paint, and consequently they can peel from the substrate. Latex-based solid-color stains are also available and likewise form a film. Both oil-based and latex-based solid-color stains are similar to thinned paints and can usually be applied over old paint or semitransparent stains. 

Penetration stain is the staining of a veneer layer of an organic material bonded to the rubber surface. 

Oil stain n. Solution of dyes and/or pigment dispersions blended with oil or varnish and reduced with hydrocarbon solvents. Those that are absorbed into the surface of the substrate are called penetrating stains, while non-penetrating stains contain higher levels of non-volatile vehicle and/or pigments. 

Semitransparent penetrating stains are moderately pigmented and do not hide the wood grain. They do not form a surface film, are porous to water vapor, and penetrate the surface. Since they do not form a surface film, they do not blister or peel. Penetrating stains are alkyd or oil-based and may contain a fungicide or mildewcide as well as a water repellent. Latex-based stains... 

Stains contain a low amount of both film former and pigmentation, especially if they are penetrating stains. They are designed to soak into the surface to give color and some protection without forming a paint film. The so-... 

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