Natural gasoline hydrocarbon composition

The hydrocarbon composition of natural gasoline (although not specifically a gas) for petrochemical use must undergo a compositional analysis (ASTM D-2427) and a test for total sulfur (ASTM D-1266, IP 107, IP 191). 

The catalytic cracking of four major classes of hydrocarbons is surveyed in terms of gas composition to provide a basic pattern of mode of decomposition. This pattern is correlated with the acid-catalyzed low temperature reverse reactions of olefin polymerization and aromatic alkylation. The Whitmore carbonium ion mechanism is introduced and supported by thermochemical data, and is then applied to provide a common basis for the primary and secondary reactions encountered in catalytic cracking and for acid-catalyzed polymerization and alkylation reactions. Experimental work on the acidity of the cracking catalyst and the nature of carbonium ions is cited. The formation of liquid products in catalytic cracking is reviewed briefly and the properties of the gasoline are correlated with the over-all reaction mechanics. 

InnovaTech, Inc. of the U.S. has recently reported proprietary Inniva Tech Catalyst (ITC) catalyst series for the steam reforming of various hydrocarbons, including natural gas, gasoline, and diesel at atmospheric pressure.130 The detailed information on catalyst compositions is not available. It appears that the catalyst... 

Hydrocarbons of different nature having low octane numbers can be converted into gasoline with the properties of motor fuels using middle-and wde-pore-type zeolites. The yield and composition of gasoline obtained are determined by the composition of the initial feed as well as the process conditions. 

Gasoline is a complex mixture of many organic compounds, with various additives that provide for a suitable automobile fuel. It is produced through refining operations from cmde oil, which is a natural blend of many different hydrocarbons found in underground reservoirs in certain parts of the world. The chemical composition of gasoline is variable as the crude oil feedstock varies in its properties from place-to-place and refineries are configured and operated differently. 

The composition of the hydrocarbon feedstock sets the preferred conversion routes for the production of liquid transportation fuels, e.g. gasoline or middle distillate fuels (kerosine and gas oil). When the carbon/hydrogen ratios of feedstock and product are well matched as is the case with, e.g. coal and aromatic gasoline and with natural gas and paraffinic middle distillates, a relatively high theoretical conversion efficiency is possible. If the carbon/hydrogen ratios of feedstock and product differ substantially, rejection of carbon or hydrogen, as the case may be, is inevitable and lower conversion efficiencies are the result. Figure 1 shows, schematically, the resource selection routes for the various conversion processes. 

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