Natriuretic peptide/factor brain

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, a-Atrial natriuretic peptide [85637-73-6] (ANP) (55), also known as atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (56), and type C natriuretic peptide (CNP) (57) are members of the ANP family (28). These atrial peptides arise from a common 128 amino acid precursor where the active form of ANP is the 28 amino acid peptide at the C terminus. 

There are seven membrane forms of GC, designated GC-A to GC-G [33], Two forms, GC-A and GC-B (Mr = 120kDa), serve as receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and related peptides. ANP is a 28-amino-acid peptide isolated originally from cardiac atria as an important factor in the regulation of sodium excretion and blood pressure. GC-A binds ANP, as well as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and is located in vascular tissue and kidney. 

Maeda K, Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Mabuchi N, Hayashi M, Tsutsui T, et al. High levels of plasma brain natriuretic peptide and interleukin-6 after optimized treatment for heart failure are independent risk factors for morbidity and mortahty in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 36 1587-93. 

A. Source and Disposition Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP also known as atrial natriuretic factor [ANF]) is synthesized and stored in the cardiac atria of mammals. Atrial natriuretic peptide is released from the atria in response to distension of the chambers. Two similar peptides, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), have been isolated from brain, heart, and other tissues. 

Particulate guanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2) activity could not be demonstrated in samples incubated in basal medium without rat atrial natriuretic factor or porcine brain natriuretic peptide or samples incubated in basal medium containing sodium ni-troprusside (Rambotti et al. 1994). 

Physiologists had postulated for a long time about the existence of a sodium excreting hormone to prevent Na overload and consequent deleterious effects of high blood pressure on the heart and vascular system. At least two such natriuretic factors have been described atrial or A-type and brain or B-type natriuretic factors. Structurally, the natriuretic factors are peptides with a cysteine-cysteine disulfide bridge creating a characteristic loop , this is illustrated by Figure 8.8. 

Quirion R, Dalpe M, De Lean A. Gutkowska J. Cantin M, Genest J. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) binding sites in brain and related structures. Peptides 1984 5 1167-1172. 

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