National Sunflower Association

D. LiUeboe, ed.. Sunflower Handbook, National Sunflower Association, Bismarck, N.D., 1991, 35 pp. 

Rogers, C.E., Thompson, T.E., and Seiler, G.J., Sunflower Species of the United States, National Sunflower Association, Fargo, ND, 1982. 

Roath, W.W., Pollen storage in sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., in Proceedings of the Sunflower Research Workshop, Fargo, ND, National Sunflower Association, Bismarck, ND, 1993, pp. 100-104. 

In addition, there is a national association in different countries. The U.S. National Sunflower Association (NSA) with main offices in Bismarck, North Dakota, promotes the production and trade of sunflower products both at national and international levels. Founded in 1981, it currently has 20,000 members. The Australian Sunflower Association was established in 1976 the membership of the ASA consists of growers, researchers, and personnel from all facets of the industry. The National Sunflower Association of Canada (NSAC) was founded in 1996, with 105 members in 1999. The Argentinean Sunflower Association (ASAGIR), created in 1980, hosted the Eleventh International Conference on Sunflower in 1985. 

The essential nutrients need to be maintained at an optimum level for each element. Any excess can cause damage to the plants due to toxic reactions which impair growth. Similarly, deficiency of any of these nutrients will adversely affect the growth of the plant and the crop yield. Therefore, adequate knowledge about plant nutrition for the crop is essential for achieving best results. Table 5.4 lists some of the likely symptoms related to nutrient deficiency in sunflower (National Sunflower Association 2001c). 

Table 5.6 lists the names and recommended applications for insecticides registered for sunflower in the US (National Sunflower Association 2001e). 

D. K. Phillips (Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University) completed a study of the nutritional value of sunflower kernels in March 2001. He reported that sunflower kernel is rich in micronutrients that help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other diseases. The kernel is also rich in antioxidants and other micronutrients that make it a functional food. Nicolosi and Wilson (University of Massachusetts, Lowell Massachusetts) conducted a feeding study on hamsters to compare NuSun with traditional sunflower oil and olive oil (National Sunflower Association 2001f). Their study produced the following results ... 

National Sunflower Association (2001f) Bismarck, N. Dakota, www.sunflowernsa.com, November 2001. Oil World Annual Report (2001) Mielke GmbH., Hamburg, Germany. 

EU-15 European Union (15 countries) NSA National Sunflower Association... 

NuSun is the name chosen by the US National Sunflower Association (NSA) to represent an entirely new class of sunflower seed and oil to meet the needs of the food industry. Needs were identified as oil that had a pleasing taste. 

Fick, G. N. 1984. Inheritance of high oleic acid in the seed oil of sunflower. In National Sunflower Association. Proceedings of the Sunflower Research Workshop, Bismark, USA. pp. 9. 

National Sunflower Association of Canada, 2012. The Sunflower Production Guide, pp. 64. 

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