Nation® tubing

The subject of a trade secret must be secret, and must not be of public knowledge or of a general knowledge in the trade or business. B. F. Goodrich Co. v. Wohlgemuth, supra, 117 Ohio App., at 499. National Tube Co. v. Eastern Tube Co., 3 Ohio C.C.R. (n.s.) 459, 462 (Cir. Ct. 1902), aff d, 69 Ohio St. 560, 70 N.E. 1127 (1903). This necessary element of secrecy is not lost, however, if the holder of the trade secret reveals the trade secret to another in confidence, and under an implied obligation not to use or disclose it. Cincinnati Bell Foundry Co. v. Dodds, 10 Ohio Dec. Rep. 154, 156, 19 Weekly L. Bull. 84 (Super. Ct. 1887). These other may include those of the holder s employes [sic] to whom it is necessary to confide it, in order to apply it to the uses for which it is intended. National Tube Co. v. Eastern Tube Co., supra. Often the recipient of confidential knowledge of the subject of a trade secret is a licensee of its holder. See Lear, Inc. v. Adkins, 395 U.S. 653 (1969). 

In this device, a platinum wire-filled tube made of a Nation cation-exchange membrane is inserted into another, larger Nation tube and coiled into a helix. The helical assembly is inserted within an outer jacket packed with granular conductive carbon. An alkaline eluent, for example, NaOH or Na2C03, flows in the annular channel between the two membranes, and pure water flows through the inner membrane and the outer jacket countercurrent to the direction of eluent flow. A DC voltage (3-8 V) is applied across the carbon bed and the platinum wire. 

High performance Hquid chromatography (hplc) may be used to determine nitroparaffins by utilizing a standard uv detector at 254 nm. This method is particularly appHcable to small amounts of nitroparaffins present, eg, in nitro alcohols (qv), which caimot be analyzed easily by gas chromatography. Suitable methods for monitoring and deterrnination of airborne nitromethane, nitroethane, and 2-nitropropane have been pubUshed by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (97). Ordinary sorbant tubes containing charcoal are unsatisfactory, because the nitroparaffins decompose on it unless the tubes are held in dry ice and analyzed as soon after collection as possible. 

Work in connection with desahnation of seawater has shown that specially modified surfaces can have a profound effect on heat-transfer coefficients in evaporators. Figure 11-26 (Alexander and Hoffman, Oak Ridge National Laboratory TM-2203) compares overall coefficients for some of these surfaces when boiling fresh water in 0.051-m (2-in) tubes 2.44-m (8-ft) long at atmospheric pressure in both upflow and downflow. The area basis used was the nominal outside area. Tube 20 was a smooth 0.0016-m- (0.062-in-) wall aluminum brass tube that had accumulated about 6 years of fouhng in seawater service and exhibited a fouling resistance of about (2.6)(10 ) (m s K)/ J [0.00015 (fF -h-°F)/Btu]. Tube 23 was a clean aluminum tube with 20 spiral corrugations of 0.0032-m (lA-in) radius on a 0.254-m (10 -in)... 

Figure 3.23 Perforation at a dish-shaped depression on the internal surface of a large-diameter steel pipe. A large tubercle capped the depression but was dislodged during tube sectioning. (Courtesy of National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Corrosion 89 Paper No. 197 by H. M. Herro.)...

Camp, E. Q., Phillips, Cecil, and Gross, Lewis, Stop Tube Failure in Superheater by Adding Corrosion Inhibitors, National Petroleum News, 38 (10) R-192-99, March 6, 1946. 

Researchers at Satidia National Labs use a trough of parabolic mirrors to focus sunlight on a long glass tube in order to detojdfy water. (U.S. Department of Energy)... 

Gentry, G. G., R. K. Young, and W. M. Small, RODbaffle Heat Exchanger Thermal-Hydraulic Predictive Methods for Bare and Low-Finned Tubes, National Heat Transfer Gonference, Niagara Falls, NY, Aug. 5-8, (1984). 

Jacobs, J. L., P. S. O Neill, and E. G. Ragi, Effective Use of High Flux Tubing in Two-Phase Heat Transfer, AlChE 86th National Meeting Session 83, Houston, April (1979). 

Commercial processes Commercial electroless nickel plating stems from an accidental discovery by Brenner and Riddell made in 1944 during the electroplating of a tube, with sodium hypophosphite added to the solution to reduce anodic oxidation of other bath constituents. This led to a process available under licence from the National Bureau of Standards in the USA. Their solutions contain a nickel salt, sodium hypophosphite, a buffer and sometimes accelerators, inhibitors to limit random deposition and brighteners. The solutions are used as acid baths (pH 4-6) or, less commonly, as alkaline baths (pH 8-10). Some compositions and operating conditions are given in Table 13.17 . 

The catalyst in an isothermal tube-wall reactor (experiment TWR-6 in Ref. 2) deactivated much more slowly than did the catalyst in the best test (experiment HGR-14) in an adiabatic HGR reactor (0.009 vs. 0.0291 %/mscf/lb), and it also produced much more methane (177 vs. 32 mscf/lb catalyst). This indicates that adiabatic operation of a metha-nation catalyst between 300° and 400°C is not as efficient as isothermal operation at higher temperature ( 400°C). 

Preparation. A compd C2F6N2 was reported in 1936 among the prods of the action of F on Ag cyanide (Ref 2), but the structure was not proved until 1940, when it was prepd in good yield by the action of 1 pentafluoride on I cyanide (Ref 4). Since then it has been prepd as the major prod from the action of Ag di-fluoride on cyanogen chloride (Refs 6 10) by the interaction of Cl, Na fluoride, and cyanogen chloride in a sealed tube at 50° for 1 hour (Refs 9 10) and in low yields by the fluori-nation of ethylene diamine or ethyleneimine (Ref 7)... 

Celata GP, Cumo M, McPhail SJ, Tesfagabir L, Zummo G (2005) Experimental study on compressibility effects in micro-tubes, in Proceedings of the XXIII UIT Italian National Coference, 2005 53-60... 

Lockhart RW, Martinelli RC (1949) Proposed correlation of data for isothermal two-phase two-component flow in pipes. Chem Eng Prog 45 39-48 Lowdermilk WH, Lanzo CD, Siegel BL (1958) Investigation of boihng burnout and flow stability for water flowing in tubes, NACA TN 4382. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, DC... 

Waters Seawater (National Research Council Canada 1992) was collected in the North Atlantic Ocean at a depth of 10 m, 35 km southeast of Hahfax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The water was peristaltically pumped through cleaned polyethylene-hned ethyl vinyl acetate tubing and 0.45-pm acrylic copolymer filters. It was acidified to pH 1.6 with ultrapure nitric acid during its immediate transfer to 50-L acid-leached polypropylene carboys, previously conditioned with ultrapure water acidified to pH 1.6. The seawater was later homogenized in two linked 800-L polyethylene tanks in a clean room and immediately bottled in cleaned 2-L polyethylene bottles. Randomly selected bottles were used for analytical measurements. 

It might be expected that EN via tubes would have been used widely before the development of parenteral nutrition (PN) however, this was not actually the case. EN via tubes inserted down the mouth or nose into the stomach and also via rectal tubes was used occasionally in the decades before the development of PN in the 1960s.1 However, modern techniques for enteral access, both the placement of the tubes themselves and the materials for making pliable, comfortable tubes, had not yet been developed. Before the PN era, the formulas delivered by the tube route often were blenderized foods. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration effort in the United States in the 1960s led to the development of low-residue (monomeric) diets for astronauts. These diets were adapted for use in sick patients requiring EN. Nonvolitional feedings in patients who cannot meet nutritional requirements by oral intake thus include EN and PN these techniques are collectively known as specialized nutrition support (SNS). 

Butterworth, D. (1973) Conference on Advances in Thermal and Mechanical Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers, NEL Report No. 590. (National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK). A calculation method for shell and tube heat exchangers in which the overall coefficient varies along the length. 

Kays, W. M., and A. L. London, 1958, Compact Heat Exchangers, National Press, Palo Alto, CA. (3) Keeys, R. K. F., J. C. Ralph, and D. N. Roberts, 1971, Post Burnout Heat Transfer in High Pressure Steam Water Mixtures in a Tube with Cosine Heat Flux Distribution, UK Rep. AERE-R-6411, AEA, Harwell, England. (5)... 

Chen, J. C., Heat Transfer to Tube in Fluidized Beds, Invited Lecture, Paper No. 76-HT-75, National Heat Transfer Conf., St. Louis, MO., (1976)... 

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