Naphthanes

There are a total of eighteen different hydrocarbon series, of which the most common constituents of crude oil have been presented - the alkanes, cycloalkanes, and the arenes. The more recent classifications of hydrocarbons are based on a division of the hydrocarbons in three main groups alkanes, naphthanes and aromatics, along with the organic compounds containing the non-hydrocarbon atoms of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen. 

Wood preservatives ate appHed either from an oil system, such as creosote, petroleum solutions of pentachlorophenol, or copper naphthanate, or a water system. Oil treatments ate relatively inert with wood material, and thus, have Htde effect on mechanical properties. However, most oil treatments require simultaneous thermal treatments, which ate specifically limited in treating standards to preclude strength losses (24). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Bicyclo [4.4.0] Decane Naphthalane Perhydronaphthlene Dec Decalin De Kalin Naphthane sic- or trans-Decahydronaphthalene Chemical Formula CjoHu. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Aromatic, like turpentine mild, characteristic. 

Mineral oils also known as extender oils comprise of a wide range of minimum 1000 different chemical components (Figure 32.6) and are used extensively for reduction of compound costs and improved processing behaviors.They are also used as plastisizers for improved low temperature properties and improved rubber elasticity. Basically they are a mixture of aromatic, naphthanic, paraffinic, and polycyclic aromatic (PCA) materials. Mostly, 75% of extender oils are used in the tread, subtread, and shoulder 10%-15% in the sidewall approximately 5% in the inner Uner and less than 10% in the remaining parts for a typical PCR tire. In total, one passanger tire can contain up to 700 g of oil. 

Clemente IS, MD Mackinnon, PM Fedorak (2004) Aerobic biodegradation of two commercial naphthanic acids preparations. Environ Sci Technol 38 1009-1016. 

Synonym bicyclo[4.4.0]decane, naphthalane, naphthane Chemical Name decahydronaphthalene (mixed isomers)... 

Synonyms AI3-01256 Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane BRN 0878165 CCRIS 3410 Dec as and trans-Decahydronaphthalene Decalin Decalin solvent Dekalin EINECS 202-046-9 EINECS 207-770-9 Naphthalane Naphthane NSC 406139 NSC 77452 NSC 77453 Perhydro-naphthalene Ira/Js-Perhydronaphthalene UN 1147. 

Naphthaline, see Naphthalene Naphthane, see Decahydronaphthalene Naphthanthracene, see Benzo[a]anthracene Naphthene, see Naphthalene Naphtolean orange R base, see 3-Nitroaniline Naphtolean red GG base, see 4-Nitroaniline... 

NOV/AR/AL Cobalt Naphthanate (6%). Novolac Cycloaliphatic/ Aromatic Amine 1.82 1 8-9 203-229... 

A different behavior is exhibited by naphthalene-1,8-dicarbocal-dehyde (73). No m-naphthane derivatives are obtained on reaction with nitromethane, nitroethane or other methylene components. The basic medium, required for aldol type additions, causes the dialdehyde to undergo Cannizzaro reaction to the naphthopyranon (74) via an intramolecular 1,5-hydride shift, which is sterically favoured by the peri-position of the two aldehyde functions 28). 

In 1941, exploratory work on incendiary materials was begun under L.F. Fieser at Harvard University (Ref 7). The first material developed was gasoline (80-octane motor-vehicle type), thickened (jellied) by addition of natural robber. This was a satisfactory product but, due to the shortage of natural rubber, it could not be produced on a large scale. Therefore, a new thickener was developed which consisted of erode aluminum naphthanate modified by addition of A1 soaps of cocoanuc oil acids. This thickened gasoline was not very successful at first (See further). Standard Oil Co (Esso)... 

In the cyclohexane oxidation route cyclohexane is oxidized with air at 125-126°C and 8-15 bar in the liquid phase using Co or Mn naphthanates as the catalyst. This affords a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone via a classical free radical autoxidation mechanism. Cyclohexane conversion is limited to 10-12% in order to minimize by-product formation via further oxidation. The selectivity to cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone is 80-85%. 

Example 9.3. Oxidation of cyclohexane [63-65]. Air oxidation of cyclohexane to a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone is an important step in a process for production of adipic acid and caprolactam. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a small amount of a cobalt salt (typically naphthanate or 2-ethylhexanoate) at 140 to 165° C and moderate pressure (e.g., 10 atm). The primary reaction product is cyclohexyl hydroperoxide ... 

Polycarbonate Dimethyl acetamide Metal naphthanates and others... 

Japans, baking and drying Kalsomines, dry or paste Lacquer bases and dopes Lacquer thinner Lacquer, clear and pigmented Lacquers, plastics Lead-in-oil paints Linoleates, paint driers Lithographic varnishes Marine paints Naphthanate driers Oleate driers Paint driers Paint removers Paintbrush cleaners Paints, asphalt and bituminous... 

Naphtha, produced in petroleum refineries Naphthanic acids, produced in petroleum refineries Oils, partly refined sold for rerunning—produced in petroleum refineries Oils fuel, lubricating, and illuminating— produced in petroleum refineries Paraffin wax, produced in petroleum refineries Petroleum, produced in petroleum refineries Petroleum refining Propylene, produced in petroleum refineries Road materials, bituminous produced in petroleum refineries... 

Commercially, cyclohexane is oxidized to a mixture of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone at 3.5-19 X 10 kP and 400-450 K using a cobalt(II) naphthanate catalyst. The hydroperoxide in this mixture is then decomposed to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with a second cobalt catalyst. Adipic acid, the desired end-product of cyclohexane oxidation, is produced by oxidation of the mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with 40% HNO3 containing 0.2% of a catalyst consisting of ammonium metavanadate and copper turnings. 

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